Arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome: specifics of antihypertensive therapy

Abstract

This review summarizes the literature evidence on humoral disturbances in arterial hypertension (AH), as well as on AH interrelationship with individual components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Based on the results of multi-centre randomised trials, the rationale for the use of antihypertensive agents with favourable metabolic profile is demonstrated, in particular, for antagonists of slow calcium channels, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and selective imidazoline receptor agonists.

Circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease taking into account the vascular complications

“…Hyperinsulinemia is pathogenically associated with the arterial hypertension development, because high levels of insulin increase the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby increasing cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Hyperinsulinemia stimulates the proliferation of the vascular smooth muscle cells, which leads to an increase in vascular rigidity, as well as stimulates the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, increases endothelin production [11]. It is believed that higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are recorded in patients with NAFLD, but we did not find a statistically significant difference between groups in the presence and absence of NAFLD (systolic pressure (142.20 ± 3.84) mm Hg, diastolic pressure (92.30 ± 3.24) mm Hg for NAFLD vs. systolic pressure (142.86 ± 1.86) mm Hg, diastolic pressure (87.17 ± 2.86) mm Hg for non-NAFLD, p>0.05).…”