Artemia salina as a test organism for measuring superoxide-mediated toxicity

Matthews, R. S.

doi:10.1016/0891-5849(94)00205-x

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…O teste foi aplicado de acordo com metodologia regulamentada pelo CONTEC 2588 (1996). 24,25 Para avaliar a biodegradabilidade dos resíduos em estudo foi utilizado o teste de biodegradabilidade inerente (Zahn-Wellens), aplicado de acordo com procedimento recomendado na literatura.…”

Section: Controle Analíticounclassified

Degradação de espécies nitroaromáticas e remediação de efluentes da indústria de explosivos, utilizando-se processos redutivos-oxidativos fundamentados no uso de ferro metálico

et al. 2009

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. In this work the potentiality of reductive-oxidative processes based on zero-valent iron was studied aiming the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds and the remediation of residues from the explosive industry. The reductive process was applied as a continuous treatment system, using steel-wool as zero-valent iron source. The process permitted an almost total degradation of nitrobenzene, nitrophenol, nitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene and trinitrotoluene, probably with generation of the respective amine-derivative. The yellow-water residue, containing soluble trinitrotoluene, was notably modified by the reductive process, a fact that permitted a substantial enhancement of its biodegradability. Furthermore, the subsequent photo-Fenton process allowed TOC removal of about 80%.Keywords: zero-valent iron; photo-Fenton; nitroaromatics. INTRODUÇÃOEm função da sua versatilidade, 1 compostos nitroaromáticos são maciçamente utilizados em diversos segmentos industriais, incluindo a produção de tintas, plásticos, produtos farmacêuticos e de uso veterinário, alimentos e explosivos.2,3 Dentro desta última categoria destacam-se os compostos aromáticos polinitrados, 4-7 largamente utilizados na produção de munição e outros equipamentos militares. 8Com uma produção mundial estimada em 108 toneladas/ano, compostos nitroaromáticos aparecem como importantes agentes de contaminação ambiental, destacando-se pela sua elevada resistência à degradação microbiana e pelos efeitos deletérios provocados nos sistemas ecológicos contaminados.9-13 Em geral, admite-se que espécies nitroaromáticas sejam responsáveis por efeitos crônicos de relevância, como carcinogênese e mutagenicidade.De maneira geral, a toxicidade e persistência destas espécies aumenta com o aumento do número de substituintes nitro.14 Desta forma, espécies polinitradas caracterizam-se por elevada toxicidade e extrema resistência frente aos processos convencionais de degradação. 15No Brasil, a produção de explosivos nitroaromáticos concentra-se nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Minas Gerais.8 O 2,4,6-trinitrotolueno (TNT) é produzido por nitração sequencial do tolueno, reação realizada em três estágios e na presença de ácido nítrico e sulfúrico. A formação do composto trinitrado ocorre somente no terceiro estágio, juntamente com diversas impurezas, as quais são retiradas do produto por sucessivas lavagens com água. Na primeira lavagem obtém-se um resíduo denominado água amarela (AA), constituído de diversos produtos de oxidação (ex., nitrofenóis, ácido trinitrobenzóico e tetranitrometano) e TNT simétrico dissolvido. Na segunda lavagem, realizada com sulfito de sódio, origina-se a água vermelha (AV), contendo diversas formas assimétricas do TNT. 15O tratamento de resíduos contendo espécies químicas desta natureza é bastante dificultado pelo seu marcado caráter tóxico. 16,17 Adicionalmente, o caráter elétron-deficiente destas espécies dificulta a degradação oxidativa, 18 fato que, em princípio, torna a via redutiva mais interessante. Em geral, admite-se que processos redutivos me...

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Section: Controle Analíticounclassified

Degradação de espécies nitroaromáticas e remediação de efluentes da indústria de explosivos, utilizando-se processos redutivos-oxidativos fundamentados no uso de ferro metálico

et al. 2009

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“…Brine shrimp toxicity assay has been considered as a useful probe for preliminary assessment of toxicity as well as oxidant activity of crude plant extracts and fractions (Matthews, 1995). The method is rapid, reliable and has been used for over 30 years in toxicological studies (Subhadra, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Determination Of Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lethality assay has been used successfully to bioguide the isolation of cytotoxic (Siqueira, et al, 1998), antimalarial (Perez, et al, 1997), and insecticidal (Oberlies, et al, 1998) compounds from plant extracts. Also, this test has been used as a model to evaluate compounds for their ability to protect against superoxide-mediated toxicity (Matthews, 1995).For toxicity evaluation of plant extracts by brine shrimp bioassay, an LD 50 value lower than 1 mg/mL is considered active (Meyer, et al, 1982).Therefore, to verify the toxicity of crude extracts from aerial parts of E. Suberosum, the ability to induce Artemia salina death was evaluated. The obtained results from microcrustaceans assay showed that none of the tested extracts exhibited toxicity until concentration 5 µg/mL, the highest concentration tested in this study.…”

Section: Brine Shrimp Lethality Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from Erythroxylum suberosum A.St. Hil.leaves

2017

J App Pharma Sci

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Erythroxylum suberosum A. St. Hill. has been used as anti-rheumatism, anesthetic and for indigestion in Brazilian folk medicine.The crude extracts from leaves were obtained by maceration or infusion. The extracts showed no toxicity to brine shrimp lethality assay. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents were more significant in aqueous and ethanol extracts than its fractions (dichloromethane and hydro-methanol). The antioxidant potential of the crude aqueous extract was, approximately, 4.5 times higher than BHT, while the ethanol extract was 5.9 times. On the other hand, a hydro-methanol fraction from crude ethanol extract was 7.6 times more potent than BHT. Also, it was described the isolation and structural identification of isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin and isomers catechin and epicatechin, from leaves of E. Suberosum.

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“…21 Matthews suggests the use of this protocol for the discovery of compounds with ability to protect against damage by active oxygen species (AOS). 22 Compounds 2 and 10 have been found to display significant toxicity against Artemia salina. As a matter of fact, 2 (DL 50 32.12 ppm, 0.032 mg mL -1 ) is nearly 3-times more potent than 10 (DL 50 98.42 ppm, 0.098 mg mL -1 ).…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new salicylate macrolactones from anacardic acids

Logrado¹,

Silveira

Romeiro

et al. 2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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No âmbito de uma linha de pesquisa que visa a obtenção de novas substâncias bioativas, a partir de lipídeos fenólicos não-isoprenóides de Anacardium occidentale, descrevemos a síntese e avaliação citotóxica de novas macrolactonas salicílicas, preparadas a partir da mistura de ácidos anacárdicos, principal constituinte do líquido da casca da castanha de caju (LCC) in natura.In connection with our ongoing investigation in the search for new bioactive compounds using non-isoprenoid phenolic lipids from Anacardium occidentale as starting material, we describe the synthesis and cytotoxicity screening of some novel salicylate macrolactones prepared from anacardic acids, the major constitutents of natural cashew nut-shell liquid (CNSL). Keywords: cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acids, salicylate macrolactones IntroductionNon-isoprenoid phenolic lipids exist in plants from a number of different families, notably the Anacardiaceae shrub, many small plants, and certain bacterial sources. The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), a species originally native to Brazil where it is still cultivated, also grown in a large number of other tropical and sub-tropical countries, represents one of the major and cheapest sources of this class of compounds. 1 As the main component of natural cashew nut-shell liquid (CNSL), anacardic acids (1) are the most widely distributed phenolic lipids. Chemically, the anacardic acids feature a convenient salicylic acid system and a long sidechain at the 6-position, in which a double bond is found at C-8 in the monoene, diene and triene components ( Figure 1). Anacardic acids are reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities, 2 and also have stimulated much research in order to prepare drug analogues for application in several fields. 3 In the course of ongoing investigations aiming at new drug candidates, the particular structural behavior and abundance of anacardic acids have prompted us to search for a strategy to convert these materials into analogues of an emerging family of antitumor natural products, for example: oximidines I, II, and III, 4 apicularens A and B, 5 and salicylhalamides A and B 6 (Figure 2), which present a benzofused macrolactone bearing an unusual N-acylated enamide 1218 Logrado et al. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. side-chain. Related to the fact that these benzolactone enamides do not display any significant structural correlations to the profiles of known anti-cancer drugs, they constitute a very attractive new class of lead compounds in the search for antineoplastic agents and have therefore shown considerable interest concerning to isolation, chemical synthesis and mechanistic studies of the biochemical mode of action. [4][5][6][7] Other macrolactones structurally related to the above macrolides include lasiodiplodin, 8 cis-and transresorcylide, 9 and curvularin 10 ( Figure 3). These orsellinic acid type macrolides also have attracted the attention of many synthetic chemists regarding both chemical and physiological activities. 11-13 For instance, methyldehydrola...

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Artemia salina as a test organism for measuring superoxide-mediated toxicity

Cited by 55 publications

References 22 publications

Degradação de espécies nitroaromáticas e remediação de efluentes da indústria de explosivos, utilizando-se processos redutivos-oxidativos fundamentados no uso de ferro metálico

Degradação de espécies nitroaromáticas e remediação de efluentes da indústria de explosivos, utilizando-se processos redutivos-oxidativos fundamentados no uso de ferro metálico

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from Erythroxylum suberosum A.St. Hil.leaves

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new salicylate macrolactones from anacardic acids

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