Arsenic-rich shallow groundwater in sandy aquifer systems buffered by rising carbonate waters: A geochemical case study from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka

Bandara, U.G.C.; Diyabalanage, Saranga; Hanke, Christian; Geldern, Robert van; Barth, Johannes A. C.; Chandrajith, Rohana

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.226

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Patients with extremely high levels of serum creatinine (over 4.5 mg/dL) appear to consume water from wells with higher TDS and arsenic contents. This higher availability of arsenic in ground water of Thenyiakulam (A9 site), Kalvilan (A12 site) Thunukkai (A4 site) may have related to the sediment characteristics of the area, where higher mobilization of arsenic ions occur through the availability of carbonate minerals of decaying organic matter which facilitate rapid release of arsenic ions from the As-adsorbed Feoxyanions in sediments [28,29]. Thus, in future studies, analysis of sediment characteristics of the drinking water sources may be pivotal for understanding the overall process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

et al. 2020

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Background Increase in the number of cases in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka has become a health issue of national concern. Even though, Northern Province is not identified as a high-risk province, there is an increasing trend of CKDu after the end of civil war in the Northern Province. Methods The present study was conducted in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District to investigate the socio demographic and clinical pattern of CKDu patients and to evaluate the quality of their water sources. The samples were selected by using stratified purposive random sampling method which represented 29% of total CKDu patients in Thunukkai Division. Pretested structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data from the CKDu patients. The association between serum creatinine excreted by CKDu patients and the water quality parameters were determined by using linear regression model. Results Among the patients, 80% were male with over 68% falling in the age range of 50–70. Majority (90%) were involved in agriculture related occupation. Smoking and alcohol consumption were detected as common habits among 40% of the patients. Secondarily developed, hypertension (60%) and diabetes (34%) were reported as common diseases in the area. Dug wells served as the commonest source of drinking water in the area (90% households) together with few tube wells. Physicochemistry of more than 50% of the water samples revealed higher electric conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness and Na levels compared to drinking water standards in Sri Lanka. Conclusions Serum creatinine levels of the CKDu patients were significantly and negatively correlated with phosphate while positively correlated with total dissolved solids (TDS) and arsenic content of the drinking water. Geospatial mapping of TDS and arsenic in drinking water with the occurrence of higher serum creatinine levels confirmed the same trend. Thus, the total dissolved solids and arsenic in drinking water may have positive correlation with the occurrence of CKDu in Thunukkai region in the Mullaitivu District of Sri Lanka.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

et al. 2020

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“…Nitrate ranged from 0.4 to 23 mg/L, and higher contents up to 12 mg/L were observed in the Vellan-kulam area, where agricultural activities are widespread. For comparison, nitrate levels in agricultural sedimentary terrains in Sri Lanka, such as Jaffna, Kalpitiya, and Mannar, were reported to be much higher mean values up to about 800 mg/L due to inputs from fertilizer and septic tank leachates. , During the monsoon period, extensive agricultural activities are carried out in the region, and nitrogenous fertilizers are extensively applied. Notably, in the vicinity of the Vellan-kulam sinkhole, elevated contents of Mg, V, As, Sr, F – , NO 3 – , and phosphates were observed in samples collected from both seasons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recharging Mechanisms and Seawater Intrusion in Karst Aquifers in Northwest Sri Lanka, Based on Hydrogeochemistry and Water Isotopes

et al. 2023

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Geochemical and isotope data of karstic aquifer systems in the Mulankavil area in northwest Sri Lanka were investigated to constrain recharging and discharging mechanisms, and possible seawater intrusions. The electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater was measured in the dry (n = 139) and rainy (n = 78) seasons to assess possible saltwater intrusions, from which 25 wells were selected for detailed geochemical analyses. Water isotope analyses (expressed as δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O) were measured in 32 wells for five months. The mean EC of groundwater during both seasons was 2,435 μS/cm, and higher values from the coastal stretch indicated seawater intrusion. Increasing EC values in the dry period indicated a temporary inland saltwater wedge. High hydraulic gradients with rapidly discharging groundwater partially removed seawater intrusions during the monsoon season. Water isotopes in the region defined an individual evaporation line with δ2HH2O= 6.69*δ18OH2O −0.77 (r 2 = 0.989), indicating a long enough residence time to allow evaporation before infiltration. Groundwater near sinkhole systems was found to be predominantly of the Ca–Mg–HCO3 type and changes to the Na–Cl type toward the coast. The results of this study revealed conduit systems in the karst subsurface as essential pathways for controlling seawater intrusion.

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“…The presence of natural organic compounds and microbial activity may also be the reason to contaminate the groundwater [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Anthropogenic sources, the dissolution of CaCO 3 − , and coal mining are probable sources of sulfur [ 70 , 84 , 85 ]. The positive correlations between As and pH in all three tehsils hinted at the critical roles of pH in As release in the study area [ 49 ], and the increase in the mineralization rates were also assumed to play a major role in the evolution mechanism of As [ 86 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Mechanism of Arsenic Enrichment in Groundwater and Associated Health Risks in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Baloch

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is a worldwide concern for drinking water safety. Environmental changes and anthropogenic activities are making groundwater vulnerable in Pakistan, especially in Central Punjab. This study explores the distribution, hydrogeochemical behavior, and pathways of As enrichment in groundwater and discusses the corresponding evolution mechanism, mobilization capability, and health risks. In total, 510 groundwater samples were collected from three tehsils in the Punjab province of Pakistan to analyze As and other physiochemical parameters. Arsenic concentration averaged 14.0 μg/L in Vehari, 11.0 μg/L in Burewala, and 13.0 μg/L in Mailsi. Piper-plots indicated the dominance of Na+, SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions in the groundwater and the geochemical modeling showed negative saturation indices with calcium carbonate and salt minerals, including aragonite (CaCO3), calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), and halite (NaCl). The dissolution process hinted at their potential roles in As mobilization in groundwater. These results were further validated with an inverse model of the dissolution of calcium-bearing mineral, and the exchange of cations between Ca2+ and Na+ in the studied area. Risk assessment suggested potential carcinogenic risks (CR > 10−4) for both children and adults, whereas children had a significant non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HQ > 1). Accordingly, children had higher overall health risks than adults. Groundwater in Vehari and Mailsi was at higher risk than in Burewala. Our findings provide important and baseline information for groundwater As assessment at a provincial level, which is essential for initiating As health risk reduction. The current study also recommends efficient management strategies for As-contaminated groundwater.

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Arsenic-rich shallow groundwater in sandy aquifer systems buffered by rising carbonate waters: A geochemical case study from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

Recharging Mechanisms and Seawater Intrusion in Karst Aquifers in Northwest Sri Lanka, Based on Hydrogeochemistry and Water Isotopes

Evolution Mechanism of Arsenic Enrichment in Groundwater and Associated Health Risks in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

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