Arsenic metabolism and one-carbon metabolism at low-moderate arsenic exposure: Evidence from the Strong Heart Study

Association of Low-Moderate Arsenic Exposure and Arsenic Metabolism with Incident Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in the Strong Heart Family Study

“…Estimates of macro- and micronutrients, including data on folate and other B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, and B12), were measured through a Block 119-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Detailed information about the FFQ has been previously published ( Fretts et al 2012 ; Spratlen et al 2017 ). Information on vitamins B1 and B12, however, was not used for this study because they were not available for most of participants.…”

“…However, contrary to what has been observed for other health outcomes, lower MMA%, and higher DMA% in urine has been related to type 2 diabetes risk in adults ( Kuo et al 2015 ; Mendez et al 2016 ; Nizam et al 2013 ). Arsenic methylation is partly determined by genetic variants in AS3MT (encoding arsenic (III) methyltransferase) ( Balakrishnan et al 2016 ) and some one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients ( Gamble et al 2006 ; Spratlen et al 2017 ). In particular, randomized clinical trials ( Gamble et al 2006 ) and observational studies ( Kordas et al 2016 ; Spratlen et al 2017 ) showed that supplementation and intake of folate and other OCM nutrients increased arsenic methylation capacity (decreased iAs% and increased DMA%).…”

“…Arsenic methylation is partly determined by genetic variants in AS3MT (encoding arsenic (III) methyltransferase) ( Balakrishnan et al 2016 ) and some one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients ( Gamble et al 2006 ; Spratlen et al 2017 ). In particular, randomized clinical trials ( Gamble et al 2006 ) and observational studies ( Kordas et al 2016 ; Spratlen et al 2017 ) showed that supplementation and intake of folate and other OCM nutrients increased arsenic methylation capacity (decreased iAs% and increased DMA%). In a cross-sectional study in children and adolescents, arsenic metabolism and plasma folate showed an interaction with type 1 (and maybe type 2) diabetes ( Grau-Pérez et al 2016 ).…”

Effect of a Supplementation with Two Quelites on Urinary Excretion of Arsenic in Adolescents Exposed to Water Contaminated with the Metalloid in a Community in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico

“…Few studies have shown that a high intake of antioxidants and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) identified in the Mexican diet foods such as beans, lentils, bananas, and onions can prevent or reverse some of the effects involved in the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases and chronic, caused by this pollutant, by avoiding bioaccumulate in the organism and thus an improvement in the excretion in the urine [12,13]; therefore, the consumption of foods rich in phytochemicals with adequate nutritional contributions and with high antioxidant capacity, has been considered a strategy to reduce the effects of this element when people have acute or chronic exposure, by providing the requirements of various nutrients such as cysteine, methionine, vitamin C [14,15], and phenolic compounds [16][17][18], essential for arsenic detoxification [19], to increase antiradical effects (ROS), and reduce the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the body [17,18].…”

“…In Mexico, there is evidence that shows that the administration of supplements that incorporate vegetables such as broccoli and fruits such as grapes, as well as minerals and vitamins essential for the detoxification process [14][15][16][17][18][19], promote better arsenic excretion and improve the nutritional status, in this case, by inducing an increase in hemoglobin (Hb) levels of participants [28]. However, given these bases and the nutritional contribution of these quelites, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of a supplement made with two novelty ingredients (Portulaca oleraceae L. and Chenopodium berlandieri L.), economical, accessible, and with sufficient evidence of its antioxidant and nutritional potential, on hemoglobin (Hb), urinary arsenic excretion (UAs), and urinary malondialdehyde (UMDA) concentration, which will be biomarkers of interest to know the positive effect of this supplement provided in adolescents from a rural area in Guanajuato, Mexico, exposed to arsenic.…”