Arsenic Distribution and Pollution Characteristics

Wang, Yunyan; Chai, Liyuan; Yang, Weichun

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6721-2_1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The most common forms of arsenic in natural waters are arsenite and arsenate. [128][129][130] In welloxygenated water and sediments, nearly all arsenic is present in the arsenate form. [131][132][133][134] The MMA and DMA (dimethyl arsenic acid) are also present in some water.…”

Section: Sample Collection Preservation and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure

et al. 2023

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Section: Sample Collection Preservation and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure

et al. 2023

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“…As concentrations in natural waters range between 1 and 2 g/L (Hindmarsh and McCurdy, 1986;Rohanifar et al, 2018). As concentrations rise in areas with volcanic rock and sulphide mineral deposits, as well as in areas with human activity (Hood and Bishop, 1972;Gibson and Gage, 1982;Hindmarsh and McCurdy, 1986;Wang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes and determination of heavy metal concentrations in Veshaw river of the Indian western Himalaya

Rather

Ara²,

Sharma³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Chem.

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Trace elements are a major pollutant in the river water and these pollutants are present in all components of the ecological system. Since time immemorial, the River Veshaw has been one of the important sources of water and has shaped the cultural and social values in the Kashmir Valley. This study was conducted in rural parts of South Kashmir in the Western Himalaya from February to January 2020–2022. The river Veshaw provides various ecosystem services to the local communities as well as in the upper and lower stream regions in the form of many direct and indirect ecosystem services. The river is polluted by human waste from both rural and urban communities, as well as by agricultural runoff and effluent discharges from a variety of industrial activities due to its proximity. Effluent that makes it to the river contains a variety of pollutants, some of which are trace elements that accumulate in the local ecosystem, killing off plants and animals and reducing biodiversity. Trace element levels in water and sediment were found to follow the trend as: Sangam > Khudwani > Kulgam > Nihama > Aharbal > Kingwattan. The dominance pattern of heavy metals in water was Pb > As > Cd. The overall trend showed a downward trend of heavy metals, indicating the effect of land area drainage and anthropogenic activities on the stream water. The dominance pattern of heavy metals in water was Pb > As > Cd. Heavy metals were not detected in the middle and upstream sites. The average levels of heavy metals were highest at Downstream (Sangam), with values of Cd, Pd ad As 0.0054, 0.038 and 0.038 mgL-1. This shows that land drainage and human activities have an effect on the water in the stream.

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“…It can be found as a soluble species in two oxidation states: As 3 + (arsenite) and As 5 + (arsenate), and less frequently as As 0 (elemental As) and As 3 -(arsine) [4]. Human exposure can be dermal, respiratory, or oral via water [5,6]. After ingestion, As 5 + is reduced to As 3 +, followed by methylation and reduction, forming methylated and dimethylated As compounds of both oxidation states [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability

Terrones-Gurrola

Ponce-Peña

Sálas-Pacheco

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Arsenic (As) is a common contaminant in drinking water in northeastern Mexico, which reduces the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP 450). This enzyme group metabolizes numerous drugs, such as oral antidiabetic drugs such as pioglitazone (61% CYP 3A4, 49% CYP 2C8). When CYP 450’s function is inadequate, it has decreased therapeutic activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to establish the effect of As on pioglitazone metabolism in patients with T2DM. Methodology: Urine, water, and plasma samples from a healthy population (n = 11) and a population with T2DM (n = 20) were obtained. Samples were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy/hydride generation (As) and HPLC (pioglitazone). Additionally, CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 were studied by density functional theory (DFT). Results: The healthy and T2DM groups were exposed via drinking water to >0.010 ppm, Ka values with a factor of 4.7 higher, Cl 1.42 lower, and ABCt 1.26 times higher concerning the healthy group. In silico analysis (DFT) of CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 isoforms showed the substitution of the iron atom by As in the active sites of the enzymes. Conclusions: The results indicate that the substitution of Fe for As modifies the enzymatic function of CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 isoforms, altering the metabolic process of CYP 2D6 and CYP 3A4 in patients with T2DM. Consequently, the variation in metabolism alters the bioavailability of pioglitazone and the expected final effect.

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Arsenic Distribution and Pollution Characteristics

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure

A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure

Seasonal changes and determination of heavy metal concentrations in Veshaw river of the Indian western Himalaya

Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability

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