Arousal and Locomotion Make Distinct Contributions to Cortical Activity Patterns and Visual Encoding

Vinck, Martin; Batista-Brito, Renata; Knoblich, Ulf; Cardin, Jessica A.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.028

Cited by 754 publications

(926 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…S2), suggesting that all cells express similar amounts of GCaMP6 (Higley and Sabatini, 2008). Finally, previous reports have suggested visually-evoked firing rates for L5 PNs of less than 5 Hz (Hoy and Niell, 2015, Vinck et al, 2015), well within the linear regime for GCaMP6 signaling (Chen et al, 2013, Podor et al, 2015). Thus, we do not think it likely that variation in spike-Ca2+ coupling explains the observed differences in visual tuning across populations of L5 PNs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Projection-Specific Visual Feature Encoding by Layer 5 Cortical Subnetworks

et al. 2016

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Summary Primary neocortical sensory areas act as central hubs, distributing afferent information to numerous cortical and subcortical structures. However, it remains unclear whether each downstream target receives distinct versions of sensory information. We used in vivo calcium imaging combined with retrograde tracing to monitor visual response properties of three distinct subpopulations of projection neurons in primary visual cortex. While there is overlap across the groups, on average corticotectal (CT) cells exhibit lower contrast thresholds and broader tuning for orientation and spatial frequency in comparison to corticostriatal (CS) cells, while corticocortical (CC) cells have intermediate properties. Noise correlational analyses support the hypothesis that CT cells integrate information across diverse layer 5 populations, whereas CS and CC cells form more selectively interconnected groups. Overall, our findings demonstrate the existence of functional subnetworks within layer 5 that may differentially route visual information to behaviorally relevant downstream targets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Projection-Specific Visual Feature Encoding by Layer 5 Cortical Subnetworks

et al. 2016

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“…Recent studies have established a relationship between pupil dilation and periods of movement in mice, including locomotion and whisking (Reimer et al, 2014; McGinley et al, 2015a; Vinck et al, 2015; Mineault et al, 2016). Because different types of movements are involved in performance of the tactile decision-making task, we sought to determine the relative contributions of whisker movement and licking for water reward to the observed task-related increases in pupil diameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recordings in non-human primates have found a close relationship between fluctuations in pupil diameter and the activity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, as well as distributed pupil-linked cortical and subcortical brain areas (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Joshi et al, 2016). Recent studies in mice have provided extensive evidence that pupil diameter is a useful biobehavioral index of arousal that closely tracks global brain state and the activity of specific types of cortical neurons (Reimer et al, 2014; McGinley et al, 2015a,b; Vinck et al, 2015). However, the relationship between pupil dynamics and more complex learned behaviors in mice still needs to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil Dynamics Reflect Behavioral Choice and Learning in a Go/NoGo Tactile Decision-Making Task in Mice

Lee

Margolis

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The eye’s pupil undergoes dynamic changes in diameter associated with cognitive effort, motor activity and emotional state, and can be used to index brain state across mammalian species. Recent studies in head-fixed mice have linked arousal-related pupil dynamics with global neural activity as well as the activity of specific neuronal populations. However, it has remained unclear how pupil dynamics in mice report trial-by-trial performance of behavioral tasks, and change on a longer time scale with learning. We measured pupil dynamics longitudinally as mice learned to perform a Go/NoGo tactile decision-making task. Mice learned to discriminate between two textures presented to the whiskers by licking in response to the Go texture (Hit trial) or withholding licking in response to the NoGo texture (Correct Reject trial, CR). Characteristic pupil dynamics were associated with behavioral choices: large-amplitude pupil dilation prior to and during licking accompanied Hit and False Alarm (FA) responses, while smaller amplitude dilation followed by constriction accompanied CR responses. With learning, the choice-dependent pupil dynamics became more pronounced, including larger amplitude dilations in both Hit and FA trials and earlier onset dilations in Hit and CR trials. A more pronounced constriction was also present in CR trials. Furthermore, pupil dynamics predicted behavioral choice increasingly with learning to greater than 80% accuracy. Our results indicate that pupil dynamics reflect behavioral choice and learning in head-fixed mice, and have implications for understanding decision- and learning-related neuronal activity in pupil-linked neural circuits.

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“…However, it is worth considering alternative computational views. For example, one possibility is that arousal alters the overall rate of evidence accumulation or the decision threshold (Kiani and Shadlen, 2009; Vinck et al, 2015). On this model, arousal would increase confidence by offsetting the overall impact of sensory noise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected arousal modulates the influence of sensory noise on confidence

Allen

Frank

Schwarzkopf

et al. 2016

eLife

172

182

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Human perception is invariably accompanied by a graded feeling of confidence that guides metacognitive awareness and decision-making. It is often assumed that this arises solely from the feed-forward encoding of the strength or precision of sensory inputs. In contrast, interoceptive inference models suggest that confidence reflects a weighted integration of sensory precision and expectations about internal states, such as arousal. Here we test this hypothesis using a novel psychophysical paradigm, in which unseen disgust-cues induced unexpected, unconscious arousal just before participants discriminated motion signals of variable precision. Across measures of perceptual bias, uncertainty, and physiological arousal we found that arousing disgust cues modulated the encoding of sensory noise. Furthermore, the degree to which trial-by-trial pupil fluctuations encoded this nonlinear interaction correlated with trial level confidence. Our results suggest that unexpected arousal regulates perceptual precision, such that subjective confidence reflects the integration of both external sensory and internal, embodied states.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18103.001

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Arousal and Locomotion Make Distinct Contributions to Cortical Activity Patterns and Visual Encoding

Cited by 754 publications

References 60 publications

Projection-Specific Visual Feature Encoding by Layer 5 Cortical Subnetworks

Projection-Specific Visual Feature Encoding by Layer 5 Cortical Subnetworks

Pupil Dynamics Reflect Behavioral Choice and Learning in a Go/NoGo Tactile Decision-Making Task in Mice

Unexpected arousal modulates the influence of sensory noise on confidence

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