Arm Training Reduces the V??O2 and V??E Cost of Unsupported Arm Exercise and Elevation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

This document reviews 1) the measurement properties of commonly used exercise tests in patients with chronic respiratory diseases and 2) published studies on their utilty and/or evaluation obtained from MEDLINE and Cochrane Library searches between 1990 and March 2015.Exercise tests are reliable and consistently responsive to rehabilitative and pharmacological interventions. Thresholds for clinically important changes in performance are available for several tests. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, the 6-min walk test (6MWT), peak oxygen uptake and ventilation/carbon dioxide output indices appear to be the variables most responsive to vasodilators. While bronchodilators do not always show clinically relevant effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-intensity constant work-rate (endurance) tests (CWRET) are considerably more responsive than incremental exercise tests and 6MWTs. High-intensity CWRETs need to be standardised to reduce interindividual variability. Additional physiological information and responsiveness can be obtained from isotime measurements, particularly of inspiratory capacity and dyspnoea. Less evidence is available for the endurance shuttle walk test. Although the incremental shuttle walk test and 6MWT are reliable and less expensive than cardiopulmonary exercise testing, two repetitions are needed at baseline. All exercise tests are safe when recommended precautions are followed, with evidence suggesting that no test is safer than others. @ERSpublications A review of exercise testing to evaluate interventions aimed to improve exercise tolerance in respiratory patients

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“…Isotime comparisons are also responsive outcomes of interventions directed to train arm muscles [134][135][136].…”

Section: Evaluativementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of exercise testing in the evaluation of interventional efficacy: an official ERS statement

et al. 2016

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“…In the previously referred work by Epstein et al [81] from our lab, analysis of the many factors that may have contributed to improved exercise endurance for upper extremity exercise after upper extremity training the most striking was a drop in VT/TI at exercise isotime. We believe this may represent better coordination of the respiratory muscles.…”

Section: Breathing Retrainingmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Importance of Exercise Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Celli¹

2002

Clinical Exercise Testing

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“…Ring Shifts: Ring shifts were used in 10 studies 5,11,12,17,19,32,[41][42][43][44] to assess either arm endurance or function. Three studies instructed subjects to perform ring shifts until exhaustion over a vertical distance of 10 cm.…”

Section: Arm Exercise Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Should We Measure Arm Exercise Capacity in Patients With COPD?

Janaudis-Ferreira

Beauchamp

Goldstein

et al. 2012

Chest

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Arm Training Reduces the V??O2 and V??E Cost of Unsupported Arm Exercise and Elevation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract: We conclude that arm training reduces the VO2 and VE cost of UAE and UAEX, possibly through improved synchronization and coordination of accessory muscle action during unsupported arm activity.

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Use of exercise testing in the evaluation of interventional efficacy: an official ERS statement

Use of exercise testing in the evaluation of interventional efficacy: an official ERS statement

The Importance of Exercise Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

How Should We Measure Arm Exercise Capacity in Patients With COPD?

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