Arm-crank training improves postural stability and physical functioning in older people

Hill, Matthew; Oxford, Samuel W.; Duncan, Michael; Price, Mike J.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.007

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…34 Although our study primarily explored the feasibility of added aerobic exercise, we also investigated the improvements on functional outcomes, expected even if patients performed upper-limb training. In fact, an improvement in gait after arm crank ergometer aerobic training has been previously reported in healthy elderly, 29 in non-frail patients after elective hip surgery, 35 patients with stroke 36 and patients with peripheral arterial disease. 31 The benefits of this upper-limb aerobic training could be related to the cross-effect reported by Pogliaghi et al 30 who found an improvement of leg cycle maximal and submaximal exercise capacity in healthy elderly after arm crank ergometer training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Our results are in line with studies on elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease in whom aerobic arm training had a positive impact on mobility and gait. 29–31 These improvements were inversely related to the level of fitness shown by participants and can be attributed to the so-called cross-transfer effect – as evidence of the central circulatory adaptation, probably induced by the improved cardiac output and stroke volume. 32 The effectiveness of our added training intervention and its ability to improve mobility is supported also by the greater improvement seen in the training group regarding muscle torque of knee extensors of the fractured leg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Addition of aerobic training to conventional rehabilitation after hip fracture: a randomized, controlled, pilot feasibility study

et al. 2020

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Objectives: To determine the feasibility and safety of aerobic training with an arm crank ergometer and its effectiveness in improving functional capacity and gait in patients with recent hip fracture. Design: Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded pilot study, with intention-to-treat analysis. Setting: Inpatients, rehabilitation department. Subjects: 40 patients with hip fracture surgically treated. Interventions: Training group performed aerobic exercise with an arm crank ergometer (15 sessions, 30 minutes/day) at an intensity of 64% to 76% of maximum heart rate, in addition to conventional inpatient rehabilitation. Main measures: Primary outcome was the feasibility (including eligibility rate, recruitment rate, number of drop-outs and adverse events, adherence). Secondary measures were the Timed Up and Go test, ability to walk independently, muscle torque of knee extensors of fractured and non-fractured leg, Functional Independence Measure. Results: Mostly due to pre-existing disability and fracture type, only 40/301 (13%) patients were eligible (age 84.6 ± 7.6 years, 75% female); all agreed to participate and 90% completed the trial, without adverse events. Adherence to aerobic exercise was good, with high attendance at sessions (93%), a strong compliance to exercise duration (95%) but lower compliance to the prescribed intensity (73%). After the program, more patients were able to walk independently in the training group ( n = 18) compared to control ( n = 13) ( P < 0.05). Also the muscle torque of fractured leg knee extensors was higher in the training group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic training in addition to conventional rehabilitation after a hip fracture is feasible and safe and it was effective in improving gait performance and strength of fractured leg. Trial registration: NCT04025866.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Addition of aerobic training to conventional rehabilitation after hip fracture: a randomized, controlled, pilot feasibility study

et al. 2020

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“…Out of these 50 fully screened papers, 23 papers were excluded based on reasons specified in Figure 1 . Consequently, 27 articles [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] were included for final evaluation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All subjects were healthy and able-bodied. Their training status differed from a sedentary untrained lifestyle or not actively engaged in sports over the last year [ 18 , 27 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 44 , 45 ] to a physically active lifestyle [ 16 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The training status was not described in four studies [ 30 , 31 , 34 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of the training session varied from 4 [ 41 ] to 70 min [ 38 ]; in most of the studies, the session lasted 30 min. As shown in Table 2 , Table 3 and Table 4 , 16 studies used arm cranking [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], 8 studies used wheelchair exercise [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and 3 studies used handcycling [ 46 , 47 , 48 ] as the training mode for upper body exercise. There was no resistance training or strength training incorporated into these studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Upper Body Exercise Training on Aerobic Fitness and Performance in Healthy People: A Systematic Review

Marterer

Mugele

Michael

et al. 2023

Biology

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Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of upper body endurance training (UBET) on oxygen uptake (VO2) in healthy persons and derive evidence-based recommendations to improve upper body fitness and performance. Methods: Databases were systematically searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines until 1 February 2023. Eligibility criteria included healthy male and female adults and older adults who underwent an UBET intervention. Outcomes of interest included physical fitness (VO2peak and/ or VO2 submax) and transfer effects (i.e., effects from trained (VO2peak ARM) to untrained (VO2peak LEG) musculature). Results: The search identified 8293 records, out of which 27 studies reporting on 29 interventions met our eligibility criteria. The average duration of interventions was 6.8 ± 2.6 weeks with 3.2 ± 0.8 training sessions per week. For 21 of 29 interventions, significant increases in VO2peak ARM were reported following UBET (+16.4% ± 8.3%). Three of the nine studies that analyzed transfer effects of untrained legs after upper body training exhibited significant increases in VO2peak LEG (+9.3% ± 2.6%). Conclusions: This review showed that UBET is a beneficial and useful training modality to increase the oxygen utilization in the upper body. Although UBET is an uncommon form of endurance training in healthy individuals, transfer effects to the untrained muscles can be observed in isolated cases only, rendering transfer effects in UBET inconclusive. Further research should focus on the peripheral changes in muscle morphology of the trained muscles and central changes in cardiovascular function as well as when transfer effects can occur after UBET in healthy people.

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Efficacy of arm crank ergometry on individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Alashram

2024

PM&R

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ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of arm crank ergometry (ACE) on physical, psychological, and quality of life outcomes in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Literature SurveyA comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Web of Science, REHABDATA, and Embase from inception until July 2023.MethodologyStudies were included if the sample was composed of individuals with SCI, the intervention followed an ACE intervention, and the study was a randomized controlled trial including at least one outcome measure evaluating physical, psychological, or quality of life. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The meta‐analysis was not feasible due to the heterogeneity in the treatment protocols and outcome measures among the selected studies.SynthesisOf 1013 articles, seven studies (n = 200), with 16% of participants being female, were included in this review. The scores on the PEDro scale ranged from 6 to 8, with a median score of 7. There were variations in treatment protocols and outcome measures, resulting in heterogeneous findings. The effects of the ACE interventions on physical, psychological, and quality of life outcomes showed inconsistency.ConclusionsACE training proves to be a suitable and safe intervention for individuals with traumatic SCI. Nevertheless, the existing evidence concerning its effects on physical, psychological, and quality of life outcomes in individuals with SCI is limited. Further trials are required to investigate the effects of various ACE training protocols on SCI populations.

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Arm-crank training improves postural stability and physical functioning in older people

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Addition of aerobic training to conventional rehabilitation after hip fracture: a randomized, controlled, pilot feasibility study

Addition of aerobic training to conventional rehabilitation after hip fracture: a randomized, controlled, pilot feasibility study

Effects of Upper Body Exercise Training on Aerobic Fitness and Performance in Healthy People: A Systematic Review

Efficacy of arm crank ergometry on individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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