Aristolochic Acid‐I in the Swallowtail Butterfly<i>Pachlioptera Aristolochiae</i>(Fabr.) (Papilionidae)

Euw, J. v.; Reichstein, T.; Rothschild, Miriam

doi:10.1002/ijch.196800084

Cited by 62 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It has warning red spots on its hindwings. Poisonous substances are resorbed from the food plant by the larva and stored by the organism during pupation and metamorphosis [25]. Papilio xuthus, which is not known to be either an unpalatable species or a mimic, is a swallowtail butterfly found throughout the temperate region of East Asia.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural mimicry in flight path of Batesian intraspecific polymorphic butterflyPapilio polytes

Kitamura

Imafuku

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Batesian mimics that show similar coloration to unpalatable models gain a fitness advantage of reduced predation. Beyond physical similarity, mimics often exhibit behaviour similar to their models, further enhancing their protection against predation by mimicking not only the model's physical appearance but also activity. In butterflies, there is a strong correlation between palatability and flight velocity, but there is only weak correlation between palatability and flight path. Little is known about how Batesian mimics fly. Here, we explored the flight behaviour of four butterfly species/morphs: unpalatable model Pachliopta aristolochiae, mimetic and non-mimetic females of female-limited mimic Papilio polytes, and palatable control Papilio xuthus. We demonstrated that the directional change (DC) generated by wingbeats and the standard deviation of directional change (SDDC) of mimetic females and their models were smaller than those of non-mimetic females and palatable controls. Furthermore, we found no significant difference in flight velocity among all species/morphs. By showing that DC and SDDC of mimetic females resemble those of models, we provide the first evidence for the existence of behavioural mimicry in flight path by a Batesian mimic butterfly.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural mimicry in flight path of Batesian intraspecific polymorphic butterflyPapilio polytes

Kitamura

Imafuku

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…These troidines feed selectively on the pipevine family, Aristolochiaceae, and sequester toxic aristolochic acids (AAs) (Fig. 11.3) in the body tissues (Euw et al 1968;Nishida and Fukami 1989;Wu et al 2000). One of the pipevine swallowtails, Atrophaneura alcinous, from mainland Japan exhibits sexual dimorphism to some degree, in that the dorsal wings of males are typically jet black, while the females' are gray or smoky brown with some variations in the degree of darkness; the underside hindwings have long tails and a row of pink or orange spots at the edge in both sexes; the lateral sides of the abdomen are red with a black spot on each segment in both sexes (Fig.…”

Section: Red-bodied Swallowtail Mimicry Ringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Ecology of Poisonous Butterflies: Model or Mimic? A Paradox of Sexual Dimorphisms in Müllerian Mimicry

Nishida

2017

Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns

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A number of butterfly species are toxic or unpalatable against predators by developing mechanisms either to biosynthesize such noxious elements de novo or to acquire directly from the poisonous host plants for their own defense. Most of these "poisonous butterflies" exhibit aposematically colored wing patterns that are often associated either with Batesian or Müllerian mimicry species to form a "mimicry ring." This review focuses on unpalatable chemical elements potentially operating in three typical mimicry rings: (1) the tiger Danaus mimicry ring, (2) the Idea mimicry ring, and (3) the red-bodied swallowtail mimicry ring, in association with their mimetic wing patterns. Female-limited polymorphisms are a common feature of the Batesian mimicry but not in Müllerian mimicry, because such diversification is unfavorable for the models. I present here some unique cases of sexual dimorphisms within the putative Müllerian mimicry complexes. A Danaus chrysippus-mimicking nymphalid, Argyreus hyperbius, is a typical example of the female-limited dimorphic mimics. However, A. hyperbius were found to be poisonous with toxic cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin and lotaustralin). Likewise, a pipevine swallowtail, Atrophaneura alcinous, which sequesters toxic aristolochic acids, exhibits sexually dimorphic color patterns (male, black; female, smoky brown). A sympatric diurnal zygaenid moth, Histia flabellicornis, is mimetic to A. alcinous males rather than the females and stores cyanogenic glycosides. The moth is regarded as a Müllerian ally that may have stabilized the wing coloration mutually with those of A. alcinous males. On the contrary, a diurnal "swallowtail moth," Epicopeia hainesii, mimics the brighter wing color of A. alcinous females. Possible adaptation mechanisms on these paradoxical mimicry patterns are discussed.

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“…Von Euw et al (1968) showed that Pachlioptera ( =Pachliopta) aristolochiae had about 100 mg of AA-I per animal. Battus philenor and Ornithoptera priamus also had AA-I, but in B. polydamas feeding on Aristolochia elegans only traces were detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of aristolochic acids in neotropical troidine swallowtails (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Klitzke

Brown

2000

Chemoecology

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Aristolochic Acid‐I in the Swallowtail ButterflyPachlioptera Aristolochiae(Fabr.) (Papilionidae)

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Behavioural mimicry in flight path of Batesian intraspecific polymorphic butterflyPapilio polytes

Behavioural mimicry in flight path of Batesian intraspecific polymorphic butterflyPapilio polytes

Chemical Ecology of Poisonous Butterflies: Model or Mimic? A Paradox of Sexual Dimorphisms in Müllerian Mimicry

The occurrence of aristolochic acids in neotropical troidine swallowtails (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

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