Arguing the Just War in Islam

Kdy se zrodila teorie spravedlivé války v západním kulturně-civilizačním prostoru?

“…Tak vznikají do určité míry svébytné tradice spravedlivé války, které ovšem při bližším ohledání nabízí i mnoho společných principů a jednotících prvků. Zde lze odkázat na užitečné knižní publikace, zachycující etickou reflexi války v tradici islámu (Kelsay 2007) nebo ještě východněji hinduismu (Roy 2012) a konfuciánství (Lo -Twiss 2015). Dále jsou k dispozici sborníky a díla, mapující v jednotlivých kapitolách pohledy na morální přípustnost války v tradici buddhismu, sikhismu a myšlení v Koreji, Japonsku, ale i severní či sub-saharské Africe nebo u Aztéků a Inků (Nardin 1998;Robinson 2003;Brekke 2006;Raaflaub 2007;Popovski -Reichberg -Turner 2009;Hensel 2010;Cox 2017;Cordeiro-Rodrigues, Singh 2019 aj.).…”

Conception of Jihad and its Practices in Islam of China

“…Jihad, according to its original intention, is a selfimposed effort for the attainment of moral and religious perfection, which can be divided into two kinds: "the spiritual Jihad or the greater Jihad in opposition to the physical Jihad or the lesser Jihad" [3]. In Shari'a (the Islamic law), according to general doctrine and according to historical tradition, Jihad consists of military action with the object of the expansion of Islam and, if need be, of the defense of Islam, or an aspect of the struggle "to make God's cause succeed" [4]. The notion of Jihad stems from the Islamic fundamental principle that views itself as the universal religion-a universality that is to be achieved, if necessary, by force [5].…”

Religious Ethics and its Publics

“…Several scholars have written excellent studies of religious ethics that illuminate policy debates of various kinds, especially in relation to Islam and the foreign relations of United States with Muslim countries. John Kelsay has written a sequence of lucid analytical studies of the just war tradition in Islam, which seem at least in part conceived to help guide policymakers and diplomats as they navigate the choppy waters of engagement with the Middle East (see Kelsay 1993, 2007). Irene Oh addresses another aspect of Islamic thinking about ethics, the internal dialogue of Muslim thinkers regarding human rights, in relation to often skeptical Western assessments of Muslim thought about human rights norms (2007).…”