Arginine Requirements in Immature Dogs

Ha, Young Hee; Milner, John A.; Corbin, J. E.

doi:10.1093/jn/108.2.203

Cited by 62 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Tumor size was measured using a caliper twice a week. Tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: volume ¼ (d 1 2 Â d 2 Â 0.5236), in which d 1 and d 2 represent the shortest and longest diameter, respectively. Mice were sacrificed when the tumor volume was larger than 2,500 mm 3 or when the mouse was in poor condition.…”

Section: Animals and Tumor Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Argininosuccinate Lyase Inhibits Cancer Growth via Cyclin A2 and Nitric Oxide

Huang

Hsu

Shieh

et al. 2013

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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Arginine biosynthesis and nitric oxide (NO) production are important for cancer homeostasis. Degradation of arginine may be used to inhibit liver tumors with low argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) expression. In this report, we investigated an alternative therapeutic approach by targeting argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). ASL is transcriptionally induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and is overexpressed in some human liver tumors. Knockdown of ASL expression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in three liver cancer cell lines, ML-1, HuH-7, and HepG2, decreased colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, lentiviral infection of ASL shRNA inhibited tumor growth in a therapeutic animal tumor model. Analysis of ASL shRNA on the cellcycle progression revealed a G 2 -M delay. Among cell-cycle regulatory molecules, cyclin A2 expression was reduced. Reintroduction of exogenous cyclin A2 restored the cell growth in ASL-knockdown cells. Autophagy was observed in the cells treated with ASL shRNA, as shown by an increase in LC3-II levels and autophagosome formation. The total cellular arginine level was not altered significantly. Inhibition of autophagy further attenuated cell growth, suggesting that autophagy induced by ASL shRNA plays a feedback prosurvival function. Knockdown of ASL reduced NO content, and addition of NO donor partially recovered the growth inhibition by ASL shRNA. In summary, downregulation of ASL attenuated tumor growth and the inhibition was mainly mediated by a decrease of cyclin A2 and NO.

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Section: Animals and Tumor Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arginine is classified as a nonessential amino acid for mature and healthy animals but regarded as an essential amino acid for young and growing animals (1). Arginine biosynthesis is initiated from glutamate or proline via an important intermediate, citrulline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Argininosuccinate Lyase Inhibits Cancer Growth via Cyclin A2 and Nitric Oxide

Huang

Hsu

Shieh

et al. 2013

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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“…The ongoing development of new cell lines and animal models using cDNA clones and genes for key arginine metabolic enzymes will provide new approaches more clearly elucidating the physiological roles of these enzymes. [14], but as an essential amino acid for young, growing mammals [15][16][17] and for carnivores [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond

Morris

1998

Biochemical Journal

2,427

2,036

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Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in animal cells, serving as a precursor for the synthesis not only of proteins but also of nitric oxide, urea, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine. Of the enzymes that catalyse rate-controlling steps in arginine synthesis and catabolism, argininosuccinate synthase, the two arginase isoenzymes, the three nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes and arginine decarboxylase have been recognized in recent years as key factors in regulating newly identified aspects of arginine metabolism. In particular, changes in the activities of argininosuccinate synthase, the arginases, the inducible isoenzyme of nitric oxide synthase and also cationic amino acid transporters play major roles in determining the metabolic fates of arginine in health and disease, and recent studies have identified

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“…For the U.S. population the latter amounts to about 5.4 g daily per capita (1). The rates of endogenous arginine synthesis in the immature rat (2,3), guinea pig (4), cat (5,6), dog (7)(8)(9), chicken (10), rabbit (11), and pig (12) are not sufficient to support normal growth or maintain function, and so these species require a source of dietary arginine. The quantitative importance of dietary arginine for maintenance of physiologic function in humans is less clear (1,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma arginine and citrulline kinetics in adults given adequate and arginine-free diets.

Castillo

Chapman

Sánchez

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

140

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The fluxes of arginine and citruiline through plasma and the rate of conversion of labeled citrulline to arginine were estimated in two pilot studies (with a total of six adult subjects) and in a dietary study with five healthy young men. These latter subjects received an L-amino acid-based diet that was arginine-rich or arginine-free each for 6 days prior to conduct, on day 7, of an 8-hr (first 3 hr, fast; final 5 hr, fed) primed continuous intravenous infusion protocol using L- [guandno-93C]arginine, L-[5,5-2H2]citrulline, and L- [5,5,5-2H31leucine, as tracers. A pilot study indicated that citrulline flux was about 20% higher (P < 0.05) when determined with [ureido-13C]citrulline compared with [2H2Jcitruline, indicating recycling of the latter tracer. Mean citruilin fluxes were about 8-11 pmol kg'lhr'1 for the various metabolic/diet groups and did not differ significantly between fast and fed states or arginine-rich and arginine-free periods. Arginine fluxes (mean ± SD) were 60.2 ± 5.4 and 73.3 ± 13.9 jAmol kg"l hr'1 for fast and fed states during the arginine-rich period, respectively, and were significantly lowered (P < 0.05), by 20-40%, during the arginine-free period, especially for the fed state, where this was due largely to reduced entry of dietary arginine into plasma. The conversion of plasma citruiline to arginine approximated 5.5 ,umol*kg'l-hr-1 for the various groups and also was unaffected by arginine intake. Thus, endogenous arginine synthesis is not markedly responsive to acute alterations in arginine intake in healthy adults. We propose that argmine homeostasis is achieved largely via modulating arginine intake and/or the net rate of arginine degradation.The physiological needs by tissues and organs for arginine are met via the endogenous synthesis of arginine and/or arginine supplied by the diet. For the U.S. population the latter amounts to about 5.4 g daily per capita (1). The rates of endogenous arginine synthesis in the immature rat (2, 3), guinea pig (4), cat (5, 6), dog (7-9), chicken (10), rabbit (11), and pig (12) of nitric oxide (16) and of creatine and its participation as arginyl-tRNA in the process of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation (17). Therefore, we have begun to use stableisotope tracer techniques to explore, noninvasively, kinetic and regulatory aspects ofarginine metabolism in adult human subjects (18,19). Here we report results of a study in young men who were given for 7 days an arginine-rich diet and then, for another 7 days, an arginine-free diet. Our kinetic model involves L-[guanidino-13C]arginine and L-[5,5-2H2]citrulline as tracers, to estimate plasma arginine and citrulline fluxes as well as the rate of transfer of plasma citrulline into the arginine pool. From the present findings, and our recent studies (19), we propose an integrative scheme of body arginine homeostasis and balance, which defines the metabolic basis for the conditional indispensability of dietary arginine under various pathophysiological conditions (1, 13, 14). MATERIALS AND METHOD...

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Arginine Requirements in Immature Dogs

Cited by 62 publications

References 15 publications

Attenuation of Argininosuccinate Lyase Inhibits Cancer Growth via Cyclin A2 and Nitric Oxide

Attenuation of Argininosuccinate Lyase Inhibits Cancer Growth via Cyclin A2 and Nitric Oxide

Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond

Plasma arginine and citrulline kinetics in adults given adequate and arginine-free diets.

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