Are US Foreign Policy Tools Effective in Improving Human Rights Conditions?

Choi, Seung-Whan; James, Patrick

doi:10.1093/cjip/pox010

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For instance, Choi and James’ (2016) cross‐national, time‐series analysis shows that the United States is likely to undertake military campaigns for humanitarian reasons rather than for its security interests, such as democratization or terrorism reduction. Despite such a humanitarian intent, Choi and James (2017) also show in a later study that all forms of U.S. foreign policy intervention, including humanitarian military interventions, do not relate to improved levels of human rights in the target state.…”

Section: Standard Explanations Of the Kosovo Interventionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Just Another Civil War?

Kushi

2023

World Affairs

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When do Western powers intervene militarily on behalf of suffering strangers? Political elites’ perceptions of international conflicts may alter options for third-party management. Examining the precedent-setting case of the Kosovo Crisis via multi-language fieldwork, NATO archives, and content analysis, I discuss how Kosovo moved from the periphery of Western attention to becoming the litmus test of the Western security response. Contrary to literature that focuses on humanitarian norms or geopolitical interests as drivers of this NATO intervention, I argue that the Kosovo Crisis “earned” a humanitarian military intervention due to shifting favorable conflict perceptions, which encouraged Western institutional involvement. Such interactions between perceptions and intervention may apply to other global crises.

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Section: Standard Explanations Of the Kosovo Interventionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Just Another Civil War?

Kushi

2023

World Affairs

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“…29 Nevertheless, despite such a humanitarian intent, Choi and James also find that all forms of US foreign policy interventions, including humanitarian military interventions, do not correlate with improved levels of human rights in the target state, further complicating the theoretical debate on human rights versus national interest pursuits. 30 Interestingly, speckled throughout this spectrum of findings are brief mentions of geographic effects. Gilligan and Stedman, for instance, find no evidence of dominating national interests in UN interventions, except for geographical bias.…”

Section: Proposed Drivers Of the Selectivity Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective humanitarians: how region and conflict perception drive military interventions in intrastate crises

Kushi

2022

International Relations

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Why are some violent intrastate crises more likely to prompt humanitarian military interventions than others? States appear to intervene robustly in reaction to some internal conflicts, such as Kosovo, but withhold similar options in more intense conflict, as in Darfur. Much of the research on this ‘selectivity gap’ focuses on universal norms or geopolitical interests. I, however, argue that the selectivity of these interventions is a product of regional variations interacting with conflict perceptions. This paper introduces a dataset of almost 1000 observations of intrastate armed conflict between 1989 and 2014, paired with international military responses and non-responses, as well as an Intervention Index that accounts for the intensity of military interventions. I find that once a threshold of human suffering is met via the existence of an internal armed conflict, powerful states will intervene depending on whether the conflict occurs in the Western sphere of influence and whether it is denoted as an identity war. A Western region coupled with no perceptions of identity-based civil war prompts the greatest odds of humanitarian military intervention. Such conclusions carry implications on the role of norms and interests in international politics, as biased by region, and for military intervention as a policy choice.

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“…e theoretical and practical research results on policy tools at home and abroad are very rich. e definition of policy tools has been summarized in the previous section, and the research results of the classification of policy tools and the selection of policy tools will be described next [17,18].…”

Section: Eoretical Research On Policy Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Analysis and Optimization Method of Chinese Animation Industry Management Based on Policy Tools

Meng

2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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On the basis of theoretical research, a two-dimensional analysis framework of China’s animation industry policy text is constructed from the dimension of policy tools and the dimension of value chain. According to the two-dimensional analysis framework constructed in this study, the content analysis of the Chinese animation industry policy samples selected in this study is carried out, and the characteristics of China’s animation industry policy in the use of policy tools and the application of policy tools at various stages of the value chain are obtained. Then, the shortcomings of China’s animation industry policy are discussed. Finally, to promote the reform and improvement of the policy step by step and promote the long-term and healthy development of China’s animation industry, this study proposes corresponding strategies for the optimization of China’s animation industry policy. This study takes the theory of policy tools as a theoretical perspective and deeply analyzes the possible shortcomings of China’s animation industry policy texts. Based on the perspective of policy tools, corresponding strategies are proposed for the optimization of China’s animation industry policy, and the proposed optimization strategies are evaluated through fuzzy mathematical theory. The results obtained are excellent, and it can be concluded that an optimization strategy is proposed to improve the animation industry structure.

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Are US Foreign Policy Tools Effective in Improving Human Rights Conditions?

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Just Another Civil War?

Just Another Civil War?

Selective humanitarians: how region and conflict perception drive military interventions in intrastate crises

Policy Analysis and Optimization Method of Chinese Animation Industry Management Based on Policy Tools

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