Abstract:Vibrio anguillarum, an important bacterial fish pathogen, expresses a variety of virulence factors contributing to its ability to cause vibriosis in fish. Many virulence factors of this pathogen remain however unknown. For example, a type IV pilus system was previously reported to be potentially involved in the virulence of this bacterium but no experimental evidence was reported yet. In this study, complete genome sequencing of V. anguillarum strain VIB15, shown to be highly virulent towards sea bass (Dicentr… Show more
“…) which have been investigated for their role in host adhesion and virulence (Frans et al . ), data which remain inconclusive at the present time, in terms of virulence contribution.…”
Section: Pathology and Virulencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adhesion occurs more frequently within the mucus of fish intestines as opposed to surface skin cells (Chabrill on et al 2004) as the intestinal lining of fish is rich in glycosphingolipidscritical components of endocytotic functions in fish digestion (Jennemann et al 2012)upon which the pathogen is able to utilize as a key attachment site for colonization (Chisada et al 2013). Research suggests that V. anguillarum adhesion to host cells is facilitated using afimbrial means (Wang & Leung 2000), but the pathogen inherently holds the capability to assemble type IV pili (Rodkhum et al 2006) which have been investigated for their role in host adhesion and virulence (Frans et al 2013a), data which remain inconclusive at the present time, in terms of virulence contribution.…”
Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is a marine bacteria that is pathogenic to a number of aquatic organisms including several species which are important to the aquaculture industry. Organisms that are infected by V. anguillarum are diagnosed with vibriosis which can be lethal in a matter of days. Vibriosis can be particularly devastating to aquaculture businesses and measures of prevention or treatment are generally quite expensive. Efforts to understand and control V. anguillarum virulence have been of high‐priority among international aquatic research studies. The knowledge that has accumulated as a result of this collective research effort is reviewed in this article.
“…) which have been investigated for their role in host adhesion and virulence (Frans et al . ), data which remain inconclusive at the present time, in terms of virulence contribution.…”
Section: Pathology and Virulencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adhesion occurs more frequently within the mucus of fish intestines as opposed to surface skin cells (Chabrill on et al 2004) as the intestinal lining of fish is rich in glycosphingolipidscritical components of endocytotic functions in fish digestion (Jennemann et al 2012)upon which the pathogen is able to utilize as a key attachment site for colonization (Chisada et al 2013). Research suggests that V. anguillarum adhesion to host cells is facilitated using afimbrial means (Wang & Leung 2000), but the pathogen inherently holds the capability to assemble type IV pili (Rodkhum et al 2006) which have been investigated for their role in host adhesion and virulence (Frans et al 2013a), data which remain inconclusive at the present time, in terms of virulence contribution.…”
Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is a marine bacteria that is pathogenic to a number of aquatic organisms including several species which are important to the aquaculture industry. Organisms that are infected by V. anguillarum are diagnosed with vibriosis which can be lethal in a matter of days. Vibriosis can be particularly devastating to aquaculture businesses and measures of prevention or treatment are generally quite expensive. Efforts to understand and control V. anguillarum virulence have been of high‐priority among international aquatic research studies. The knowledge that has accumulated as a result of this collective research effort is reviewed in this article.
“…To unequivocally demonstrate the role of these putative pathogenicity‐related genes in virulence, in vivo examination of their functional role should be performed using a knockout mutant as described for, for example, the pilA gene in Frans et al . (). It is clear that further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of virulence differences in V. anguillarum , for instance, using RNA sequencing (Sorek & Cossart ), epigenetics research (Gómez‐Díaz et al .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The VIB15 vir plasmid harboured three additional SNPs/InDels, but it appears that the regions containing these mutations are not crucial for virulence towards sea bass larvae, as demonstrated previously (Frans et al . ,b).…”
Vibrio anguillarum is the causative agent of vibriosis, a deadly haemorrhagic septicaemic disease affecting various marine and fresh/brackish water fish, bivalves and crustaceans. However, the diversity and virulence mechanisms of this pathogen are still insufficiently known. In this study, we aimed to increase our understanding of V. anguillarum diversity and virulence through comparative genome analysis of 15 V. anguillarum strains, obtained from different hosts or non-host niches and geographical regions, among which 10 and 5 strains were found to be virulent and avirulent, respectively, against sea bass larvae. First, the 15 draft genomes were annotated and screened for putative virulence factors, including genes encoding iron uptake systems, transport systems and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Second, comparative genome analysis was performed, focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions and deletions (InDels). Five V. anguillarum strains showed a remarkably high nucleotide identity. However, these strains comprise both virulent and avirulent strains towards sea bass larvae, suggesting that differences in virulence may be caused by subtle nucleotide variations. Clearly, the draft genome sequence of these 15 strains represents a starting point for further genetic research of this economically important fish pathogen.
An effective and economical vaccine against the Piscirickettsia salmonis pathogen is needed for sustainable salmon farming and to reduce disease-related economic losses. Consequently, the aquaculture industry urgently needs to investigate efficient prophylactic measures. Three protein-based vaccine prototypes against Piscirickettsia salmonis were prepared from a highly pathogenic Chilean isolate. Only one vaccine effectively protected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), in correlation with the induction of Piscirickettsia-specific IgM antibodies and a high induction of transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., Il-1β and TNF-α). In addition, we studied the proteome fraction protein of P. salmonis strain Austral-005 using multidimensional protein identification technology. The analyzes identified 87 proteins of different subcellular origins, such as the cytoplasmic and membrane compartment, where many of them have virulence functions. The other two prototypes activated only the innate immune responses, but did not protect Salmo salar against P. salmonis. These results suggest that the knowledge of the formulation of vaccines based on P. salmonis proteins is useful as an effective therapy, this demonstrates the importance of the different research tools to improve the study of the different immune responses, resistance to diseases in the Atlantic salmon. We suggest that this vaccine can help prevent widespread infection by P. salmonis, in addition to being able to be used as a booster after a primary vaccine to maintain high levels of circulating protective antibodies, greatly helping to reduce the economic losses caused by the pathogen.
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