Are stirring and sonication pre-dispersion methods equivalent for in vitro toxicology evaluation of SiC and TiC?

Mejia, Jorge; Valembois, Vanessa; Piret, Jean-Pascal; Tichelaar, F.D.; Huis, Marijn A. van; Masereel, Bernard; Toussaint, Olivier; Delhalle, Joseph; Mekhalif, Zineb; Lucas, Stéphane

doi:10.1007/s11051-012-0815-7

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Obviously, sonication of the reaction is associated with higher energy and power input and is more efficient than conventional stirring. The power input in conventional stirring is negligible, 32 whereas the ultrasonic Branson 1510…”

Section: Influence Of the Sonication Step On The Formation Of Zno Mesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO superstructures via oriented aggregation initiated in a block copolymer melt

Klaumünzer¹,

Distaso²,

Hübner

et al. 2014

CrystEngComm

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A fast and simple one pot synthesis of ZnO nano-and microparticles initiated and driven by an amino block copolymer O,O′-bis(2-aminopropyl)polypropylene glycol-block-polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol (Jeffamine®) is reported. The specific building mechanism of ZnO mesocrystals is investigated in detail using electron microscopy and diffraction methods. Mesocrystals with a complex superstructure are formed as a result of a consecutive and oriented multiple stage aggregation process: first a 0D → 1D aggregation process is observed, then a 1D → 3D aggregation process occurs in which secondary particles form cones and multiple cone symmetries. Dots, rods, cones, and multiple cones have been isolated within a time resolved study which clearly supports the growth model. To control the morphology of the product particles, the influence of relevant synthesis parameters including stirring and sonication of the intermediate were investigated. Extensive surface characterization of the resulting mesocrystals is presented using infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopies as well as thermogravimetric analysis. Even after multiple washing steps, the particles exhibit a Jeffamine® coated surface that allows for easy dispersion in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The obtained mesocrystals efficiently scatter in the whole range of visible light.

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Section: Influence Of the Sonication Step On The Formation Of Zno Mesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO superstructures via oriented aggregation initiated in a block copolymer melt

Klaumünzer¹,

Distaso²,

Hübner

et al. 2014

CrystEngComm

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“…1 . Table 1 summarizes the physicochemical characterizations of TiC NPs, which have been previously reported [14] , [25] . Briefly, pristine TiC is composed of sphere-like particles of cubic structure with an average diameter of 39.6 ± 8.9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, daily fresh dilutions were prepared from the stock solution, previous vortexing for re-dispersion, at selected concentrations for in vivo administration. No surfactant was used to disperse the NPs, like Pluronic F108, in order to avoid surface and particle size distribution modifications [14] , [19] , [20] . It should be noted that throughout this manuscript any mention of TiC implies NPs of TiC, unless otherwise specified.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recommended doses in this guideline had to be adapted for NPs due to technical limitations. For example, the highest recommended dose for acute oral toxicity is 2000 mg kg −1 , nevertheless, such high concentration of NPs induced agglomerates to sediment in aqueous media due to the NPs physicochemical properties [14] , [22] . The maximal dose found to avoid sedimentation was 1000 mg kg −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this context it is necessary to ask whether such unintentional exposure can have adverse effects to the health. Information about the potential toxicological effects of TiC NPs is very limited and scarce: N-hTERT keratinocytes exposed to TiC NPs resulted in LDH and IL8 release [14] ; single dose intra-tracheal instillation to rat lungs resulted in a two-fold higher biopersistence, half time of 17 days, when compared to silicon carbide [25] ; and, exposure to human plasma resulted in very high pro-coagulant activity when compared to carbon black [15] . The gastrointestinal (GI) pathway is a major entry point for NMs which may arrive due to (un)intentional ingestion or from inhaled particles through the respiratory tract mucociliary clearance mechanism [16] , [17] , [18] , and can potentially end up in the bloodstream if the NMs are able to pass the GI tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can TiC nanoparticles produce toxicity in oral administration to rats?

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTitanium carbide (TiC) is used for ceramic metal composites in several industries and is regarded as a nanomaterial for catalyst and battery applications. However, there are very few studies in regard to the toxicological potential of TiC nanoparticles (NPs).ObjectiveTo study the toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics of TiC NPs in Sprague Dawley rats in acute (24 h) and subacute (28 days) oral administrations. The acute doses were 0.5, 5, 50, 300 and 1000 mg kg−1; the subacute doses were 0.5 and 50 mg kg−1.ResultsOrgan histopathological examination (esophagus, stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and kidneys) indicates the absence of damage at all applied doses, in both assessments. In the acute administration, alkaline phosphatases increased (5, 300 and 1000 mg kg−1), ASAT increased (1000 mg kg−1) and bile salts decreased (0.5 mg kg−1). No alterations in urine parameters (sodium, potassium, osmolarity) were found. Acute administration of TiC caused mineral changes in organs (liver, spleen, kidneys). TiC was mostly cleared by feces excretion 24 h after administration, in subacute administration causing variations in mineral absorption (Mg, Al, P, S, Ca, Zn). TiC could pass the intestinal barrier as TiC traces were detected in urine.ConclusionNo sign of toxicity was found after oral administration. TiC was excreted mostly in feces producing mineral absorption alterations. Low traces were retrieved in urine, indicating that TiC can cross the intestinal barrier.

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Physicochemical and toxicological evaluation of silica nanoparticles suitable for food and consumer products collected by following the EC recommendation

et al. 2015

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Specific information about the particle size distribution, agglomeration state, morphology, and chemical composition of four silica samples, used as additives in food and in personal care products, were achieved with a combination of analytical techniques. The combined use of differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) allows to classify the water dispersed samples as "nanomaterials" according to the EC definition. The mechanical stirring and the ultrasound treatment were compared as dispersion methods. The particle surface chemical composition, determined by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), assessed the different levels of purity between the pyrogenic and the precipitated silica and highlighted particle surface chemical composition modifications in the outer shell when dispersed by mechanical stirring. The potential toxic effects of silica on intestinal Caco-2 cells were investigated using MTS assay and by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspases 3/7 activity after 24 h of incubation. No or limited decrease of cell viability was observed for all particles regardless of dispersion procedure, suggesting a relative innocuity of these silica samples.

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Are stirring and sonication pre-dispersion methods equivalent for in vitro toxicology evaluation of SiC and TiC?

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

ZnO superstructures via oriented aggregation initiated in a block copolymer melt

ZnO superstructures via oriented aggregation initiated in a block copolymer melt

Can TiC nanoparticles produce toxicity in oral administration to rats?

Physicochemical and toxicological evaluation of silica nanoparticles suitable for food and consumer products collected by following the EC recommendation

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