“…A study on Czech English production reported that syllable stress was misplaced to the first syllable in about 50% of the stress alternation cases while all other alternatives (i.e., misplacing to the second, third or fourth syllable, erroneous addition or omission of stress) occurred with considerably lower probability ( Skarnitzl and Rumlová, 2019 ). Meanwhile, Polish has even been used to test what was termed as the “stress deafness” hypothesis ( Dupoux et al, 1997 ), now referred to as “stress insensitivity” [see Nikolić and Winters (2022) ]. This theory expects speakers of languages with fixed word stress (like Polish, Czech, and Macedonian) and speakers of languages with variable stress (like English, German, Bulgarian, and Serbian) to have varying sensitivity to word stress changes, depending on the amount of lexical exceptions to stress regularity in their native language ( Peperkamp et al, 2010 ).…”