Are reports of reduced field efficacy of diphacinone and chlorophacinone in California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) due to elevated rodenticide metabolism?

Horak, Katherine E.; Campton, Christopher M.; Volker, Steven F.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104969

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Among a same species, some lines of animals have a better metabolism of AR that may lead them to resist to some rodenticides. It is the case of a line of roof rat ( Rattus rattus ) ( 114 ) in Japan, of the Berkshire line of brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) ( 115 ) and of a population of California ground squirrels ( Otospermophilus beecheyi ) ( 116 ). The overexpression of P450 cytochromes involved in AR metabolism was often undefined or suspected.…”

Section: Anticoagulant Rodenticides Use and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As these expressions are also sex dependent, it could be linked to the AR susceptibility difference between male and female. Indeed, in many species P450 cytochromes are overexpressed in female ( 116 , 117 ). Despite that pharmacokinetics are not always associated with susceptibility or resistance, in Lefebvre et al ( 66 ) liver difethialone area under the curve and maximum concentration are almost twice higher in female rats than males, yet females are less susceptible than males.…”

Section: Anticoagulant Rodenticides Use and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers Potency to Monitor Non-target Fauna Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides

et al. 2020

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The widespread use of pesticides to control agricultural pests is a hot topic on the public scene of environmental health. Selective pest control for minimum environmental impact is a major goal of the environmental toxicology field, notably to avoid unintended poisoning in different organisms. Anticoagulant rodenticides cause abnormal blood coagulation process; they have been widely used to control rodents, allowing inadvertent primary and secondary exposure in domestic animals and non-target predatory wildlife species through direct ingestion of rodenticide-containing bait or by consumption of poisoned prey. To report toxic effect, the most common approach is the measurement of liver or plasma residues of anticoagulant rodenticides in dead or intoxicated animals showing clinical symptoms. However, one major challenge is that literature currently lacks a hepatic or plasma concentration threshold value for the differentiation of exposure from toxicity. Regarding the variation in pharmacology properties of anticoagulant rodenticides inter- and intra-species, the dose-response relationship must be defined for each species to prejudge the relative risk of poisoning. Beyond that, biomarkers are a key solution widely used for ecological risk assessment of contaminants. Since anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) have toxic effects at the biochemical level, biomarkers can serve as indicators of toxic exposure. In this sense, toxicological knowledge of anticoagulant rodenticides within organisms is an important tool for defining sensitive, specific, and suitable biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic parameters of anticoagulant rodenticides in different animal species. We examine different types of biomarkers used to characterize and differentiate the exposure and toxic effects of anticoagulant rodenticide, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the assays. Finally, we describe possible new biomarkers and highlight their capabilities.

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Section: Anticoagulant Rodenticides Use and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%