Are Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Mental Health Related During Childhood, Preadolescence, and Adolescence? 11-Year Results From the German Motorik-Modul Longitudinal Study

Nigg, Claudio R.; Wunsch, Kathrin; Nigg, Carina; Niessner, Claudia; Jekauc, Darko; Schmidt, Steffen; Wöll, Alexander

doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa192

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The exploratory analysis revealed a positive effect of HRQoL pre-COVID-19 on PA within-COVID-19, especially in younger children and in females. Those results are in line with former studies [ 18 , 68 , 69 ], revealing a positive relation between HRQoL and PA. For example, Nigg et al [ 18 ] showed that mental and psychosocial health indicators predicted PA from early to later childhood and mostly in females, while there were few inverse relationships. A reason for this could be that children with higher HRQoL scores have more resources in different dimensions, e.g., cognitive and motivational resources, social resources (e.g., parental support), material resources (e.g., sports equipment) that allow them to stay active during a lockdown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, results indicate lower ST to be a protective factor for PA engagement. However, high PA levels pre-COVID-19 did not prevent ST during the lockdown situation [ 18 ]. At this point, studies on compensation behaviors for PA are missing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the models were overfitted when including all cross-lags, bivariate correlations were run between all variables included in the model to examine if a significant linear relationship exists [ 63 ]. Only longitudinal relationships that turned out to be significant were included in the model [ 18 ]. Due to observed gender and age differences regarding PA and ST, analyses were stratified by gender (boys/girls) and age groups, dividing the sample into participants that were of primary school age or younger (children; 4–10 years) and secondary-school age (adolescents; 11–17 years) before COVID-19.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on studies conducted before COVID-19, it is well-known that reduced PA and prolonged sedentary behavior, especially ST, are linked to both negative physical and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents as well as in (later) adulthood [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Some studies indicate that sedentary behavior including ST may be even more important for mental health outcomes than PA (e.g., [ 4 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study

et al. 2021

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Reduced physical activity (PA) and prolonged screen time (ST) negatively influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a protective factor against illness and mortality. Studies addressing the relationship between PA, ST, and mental health in youth are scarce, especially in times with high mental health burdens like the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this examination was to investigate whether PA, ST, and HRQoL before COVID-19 predict PA, ST, and HRQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants from the Motorik-Modul Study (MoMo; N = 1711; Mage = 10.36 (SD = 4.04) years, female = 49.8%; healthy weight = 76.8%) self-reported their PA and ST as well as HRQoL both before and during COVID-19. Relationships of all variables, from before to during COVID-19, were investigated through a path prediction model. Results showed all variables during COVID-19 were predicted by the respective levels before COVID-19, independent of gender and age. Cross-lags revealed a negative influence of before COVID-19 ST on during COVID-19 PA. HRQoL before COVID-19 was positively associated with during COVID-19 PA in children younger than 10 years and females, but not in adolescents and boys. As age- and gender-independent negative influence of before COVID-19 ST on during COVID-19 PA has been detected, health policy may be advised to focus on a general reduction in ST instead of PA enhancement to ensure high PA levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study

et al. 2021

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“…Secondly, we used our secondary definition of screen time, and thirdly, we restricted the study population to only include 11-year-olds to accommodate potential age trends. Lastly, since concerns have been raised regarding the importance of mental health [ 4 , 34 ], we decided to do a sub-analysis in which we adjusted for general wellbeing and stress in children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal pain in pre-adolescence and the relation with screen time and physical activity behavior

Joergensen

Strandberg‐Larsen

Andersen

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background To investigate how screen time and physical activity behavior were associated with spinal pain in pre-adolescence. Methods This study included 45,555 pre-adolescents who participated in the 11-year follow-up of the Danish National Birth Cohort. The 11-year follow-up included self-reported information on computer and TV behavior, aspects of physical activity, as well as frequency and intensity of spinal pain (neck-, mid back- and low back pain). Data were linked with parental socioeconomic data from Statistics Denmark registers. Associations were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models. To account for sample selection, we applied inverse probability weighting. Results Duration of screen time was stepwise associated with the degree of spinal pain. Compared with those spending < 2 h/day in front of a screen, screen time of ≥6 h/day was associated with a substantially increased relative risk ratio (RRR) of severe pain for both girls (RRR: 2.49, 95% CI: 2.13–2.92) and boys (RRR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.65–2.32). Being physical inactive was likewise associated with higher likelihood of severe spinal pain (RRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10–1.34) relative to those being moderately active. We observed that being physically active was seemingly associated with lower risk of spinal pain among boys with high frequency of screen time. Conclusion Findings indicate that both duration of screen time and physical inactivity are correlated with spinal pain in pre-adolescents with the strongest associations for screen time. Reducing screen time or increasing physical activity might help preventing spinal pain in pre-adolescents, particularly among high frequent screen users. Future prospective studies investigating the causal relationship are necessary.

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Loneliness and screen time usage over a year

MacDonald

Patte

Leatherdale

et al. 2022

Journal of Adolescence

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Introduction: This study investigates the stability of loneliness in adolescents over a 1-year period. Also, we examine how the use of screen time media (watching television, playing video games, surfing the Internet, and texting) predicts loneliness over a year and how loneliness predicts screen time media usage. Methods: The study uses survey data from the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behavior Study. A large (N = 20,903; 54% female) sample of Canadian students in grades 9-11 (Time 1) and grades 10-12 (Time 2) were assessed at two-time points, 1 year apart. Results: Loneliness scores were found to be stable over the 1-year period, with a slight increase. Additionally, while loneliness was associated with some screen time within the same year, the effects from loneliness or screen time variables at time one predicting the other at time two were negligible. The study also provides evidence that the various screen time media did not fit a single dimension. Finally, there were sex differences in loneliness and some of the media variables. Conclusions: Loneliness appears to increase slightly over the course of a year in high school students. Results indicated that Internet use and loneliness are related; however screen time use in one year does not have a substantial impact on loneliness a year later or vice versa. Lastly, the data suggested that researchers examine screen time behaviors individually in their investigations.

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Are Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Mental Health Related During Childhood, Preadolescence, and Adolescence? 11-Year Results From the German Motorik-Modul Longitudinal Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study

Spinal pain in pre-adolescence and the relation with screen time and physical activity behavior

Loneliness and screen time usage over a year

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