Are natural disturbances represented in strictly protected areas in Germany?

Brackhane, Sebastian; Reif, Albert; Zin, Ewa; Schmitt, Christine B.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01436

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Ignition Density: Its Relation to Fire Causes and Fuel Dynamics Historical fires in Białowieża Forest occurred at frequencies exceeding frequency of lightning-caused ignitions (H3), since the number of fires we recorded exceeded the present day natural background level of ignition by a factor of 10-100, when compared with data on lightning ignition frequencies from Poland, Germany, and Latvia (Sannikov and Goldammer, 1996;Ubysz and Szczygieł, 2006;Szczygieł et al, 2016;Brackhane et al, 2021). The sizes of the largest fires, given that they originate from one or few ignitions, have implications on calculations of the ignition density on the landscape and hence, on the interpretation of the possible fire causes -whether they are caused by lightning or by people (Niklasson and Granström, 2000).…”

Section: Fire Activitymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The role of fire in affecting the dynamics of temperate European forests has received limited attention in the past (Walter, 1968;Faliński, 1986;Ellenberg, 1996). Insufficient empirical data on past fire disturbances, a negligible influence of lightning ignition upon modern fire activity (Ubysz and Szczygieł, 2006;Szczygieł et al, 2016;Brackhane et al, 2021), and consideration of European temperate zone as Nomenclature: Mirek et al (2002) for vascular plants; Ochyra et al (2003) for bryophytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Spatial Reconstruction of Past Fires in Temperate Europe Suggests Large Variability of Fire Sizes and an Important Role of Human-Related Ignitions

et al. 2022

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The spatial component of past forest fires in temperate Europe has been little studied, despite the value of such data in quantifying human and natural factors driving fire activity and associated forest dynamics. Changes in fire regimes reported across a range of ecosystems call for a better understanding of variability in historic fires and may help define reference points that can be relied upon when discussing climate change effects. We provide the first dendrochronological reconstruction of historical fire sizes in Central Europe and analyze the minimum extent of fires during the last four centuries in a 9.2 km2 (920 ha) conifer-dominated section of Białowieża Forest, one of the largest continuous lowland forests of the subcontinent. We recorded 82 fires between 1666 and 1946, using 275 sample trees, while 92% of fires (76 out of 82) spread beyond the studied area. Fires varied considerably in size, from events recorded at only one site (1–200 ha) to fires recorded in more than half of the studied area, thus exceeding 500 ha in size. The fire cycle was 11 years over the whole study period, with three distinct periods revealed by the regime shift analysis. In the years 1670–1750, the fire cycle averaged 12 years. It shortened to 7 years between 1755–1840 and increased to 22 years over the 1845–1955 period. In comparison with present day data, the reconstructed fire density of 3.2 fires per 100 km2 (10 000 ha) and year exceeded lightning ignition density by one to two orders of magnitude, suggesting a significant contribution of human-related ignitions. Our results highlight the important role of fire disturbance in Białowieża Forest and provide critical baseline information to design biological conservation strategies for European forests.

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Section: Fire Activitymentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Spatial Reconstruction of Past Fires in Temperate Europe Suggests Large Variability of Fire Sizes and an Important Role of Human-Related Ignitions

et al. 2022

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“…Protection of land can be an effective way of preventing loss of habitat and biodiversity (Leverington et al 2010 ; Watson et al 2014 ), and result in high nature values. However, protected areas are few, and may be too small for natural disturbance dynamics to operate adequately (Baker 1992 ; Brackhane et al 2021 ). In contrast, production landscapes typically contain a large proportion of early-successional habitats, and management practices that might emulate natural disturbances (Rubene et al 2014 ; Batáry et al 2015 ; Dániel-Ferreira et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land sharing complements land sparing in the conservation of disturbance-dependent species

Tälle

Öckinger

Löfroth

et al. 2022

Ambio

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Alteration of natural disturbances in human-modified landscapes has resulted in many disturbance-dependent species becoming rare. Conservation of such species requires efforts to maintain or recreate disturbance regimes. We compared benefits of confining efforts to habitats in protected areas (a form of land sparing) versus integrating them with general management of production land (a form of land sharing), using two examples: fire in forests and grazing in semi-natural grasslands. We reviewed empirical studies from the temperate northern hemisphere assessing effects of disturbances in protected and non-protected areas, and compiled information from organisations governing and implementing disturbances in Sweden. We found advantages with protection of areas related to temporal continuity and quality of disturbances, but the spatial extent of disturbances is higher on production land. This suggests that an approach where land sparing is complemented with land sharing will be most effective for preservation of disturbance-dependent species in forests and semi-natural grasslands.

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The effects of heterogeneity created by treefall, landslide, and stream on ground beetle assemblages in a primary beech forest

Ohwaki,

Ishikawa,

Morita

et al. 2023

Forest Ecology and Management

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Are natural disturbances represented in strictly protected areas in Germany?

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

First Spatial Reconstruction of Past Fires in Temperate Europe Suggests Large Variability of Fire Sizes and an Important Role of Human-Related Ignitions

First Spatial Reconstruction of Past Fires in Temperate Europe Suggests Large Variability of Fire Sizes and an Important Role of Human-Related Ignitions

Land sharing complements land sparing in the conservation of disturbance-dependent species

The effects of heterogeneity created by treefall, landslide, and stream on ground beetle assemblages in a primary beech forest

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