Are Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblot Assay Independent in Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases?

Katti, Muralidhar K.

doi:10.1086/319611

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This result confirms the recent findings of GomezPriego et al (2000) that ELISA could detect only 26 (76%) out of 34 trichinosis patients that were diagnosed serologically by EITB. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the EITB is more precise than ELISA for the detection of infectious diseases because positive reactions are determined by colour reaction and also by the antigen profile, not by the measurement of optical density (Katti 2001). The SDS-PAGE profile of TSML antigen revealed a pattern of bands ranging in molecular weight from 14-120 kDa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and assessment of a dipstick assay in the diagnosis of hydatidosis and trichinosis

Al-Sherbiny

Farrag

Fayad

et al. 2004

Parasitology Research

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The aim of the present work was to apply and evaluate a dipstick assay for the serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis as well as human and experimental trichinosis using camel hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) and Trichinella spiralis muscle larval (TSML) antigens, respectively, and compare this to enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA). Sera samples were collected from patients with confirmed hydatidosis and trichinosis and with other parasitic diseases as well as from normal healthy individuals. Also, sera samples were collected from mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis which were sacrificed at different time points post-infection (PI). HCF and TSML antigens were used in EITB after separation and characterization of their antigenic components using 5-22.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing condition. For the diagnosis of hydatidosis, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the dipstick assay and EITB were 100, 91.4 and 95.1% while those of FAST-ELISA were 96.2, 100 and 98.4%, respectively. For the diagnosis of human trichinosis, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the dipstick assay and EITB were 100% while those of FAST-ELISA were 85.7%. FAST-ELISA proved to be more sensitive in the early diagnosis of experimental T. spiralis infection (100% sensitivity from the second week PI) than the dipstick and EITB (100% sensitivity from the third week PI). All tests retained their sensitivity till the 12th week PI. Since the dipstick assay is extremely easy to perform with a visually interpreted result within 15 min, in addition to being both sensitive and specific, the test could be an acceptable alternative for use in clinical laboratories lacking specialized equipment and the technological expertise needed for EITB and FAST-ELISA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and assessment of a dipstick assay in the diagnosis of hydatidosis and trichinosis

Al-Sherbiny

Farrag

Fayad

et al. 2004

Parasitology Research

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“…The sensitivity of RPHA using monoclonal antibody was 88% in culture proven TBM cases [6]. The speci¢city of any immunoassay including RPHA would depend upon the type of speci¢c probe employed in the system [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodiagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: rapid detection of mycobacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid by reverse passive hemagglutination assay and their characterization by Western blotting

Katti¹

2001

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the commonest chronic infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Diagnosis of TBM has been a problem as it causes various clinical manifestations which can be confused with those of other chronic infections of the CNS such as neurocysticercosis (NCC), neurobrucellosis and cryptococcal meningitis, that are prevalent in many underdeveloped and developing countries. Differential diagnosis of TBM can be made by detecting circulating mycobacterial antigens in CSF by immunoassays. In this study, a reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) has been developed using rabbit antimycobacterial IgG for detection of circulating mycobacterial antigens in CSFs from chronic infections of the CNS in order to develop a rapid, simple, sensitive and cost-effective method. Circulating mycobacterial antigens were characterized by immunoblot assay. The sensitivity limit of RPHA was 400 ng ml(-1). RPHA was specific as antimycobacterial IgG did not show any reaction with porcine Cysticercus cellulosae which was used as a control antigen. RPHA could detect mycobacterial antigens in CSF at a sensitivity level of 94.11% with a specificity of 99.0%. Immunoblot analysis of RPHA positive CSFs revealed predominantly 30-32 kDa and 71 kDa antigens whilst 6, 86, 120, 96 and 110 kDa showed varied degree of reactivity. Antigens of masses 30-32 and 71 kDa were absent in culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv grown in Proskeur-Beck liquid medium. RPHA is a rapid, simple and sensitive immunological method with a long shelf life of 6-8 weeks if stabilized coated erythrocytes are stored at +4 degrees C. RPHA could be used as an additional immunodiagnostic tool in both differential diagnosis and prognosis of TBM. Immunoblot results indicate that 30-32 kDa and 71 kDa antigens are cell wall derived.

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“…Because of their combined simplicity and sensitivity, ELISAs can be used reliably for screening large numbers of small-volume test samples in the simplest of laboratory environments. This technical advance has had its greatest impact in epidemiology and in the diagnosis of ID (41,67,96).…”

Section: Elisasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Methods for Detection and Identification of Infectious Disease and Biological Warfare Agents

Peruski

2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

195

119

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NATURE OF THE PROBLEMBW agents. The release of a biological weapon (BW) agent by a terrorist group or military force would likely be silent and undetectable or nearly so. As shown by anthrax attack during the fall of 2001 in the eastern United States, patients would begin appearing at hospitals and clinics within several days of exposure, most presenting with nonspecific flu-like symptoms. The first days of the outbreak might not even cause undue concern. However, depending on the type of agent and the method of dispersal, the public healthcare system would rapidly be stretched to capacity and beyond.The qualities that make a good BW agent are its relationship between aerosolization, infectivity, or toxicity and the amount of agent required to produce an effect (48). In addition, criteria such as environmental stability, ease of production, disease severity, and communicability determine which agents are the most likely to be utilized. For maximum effect, an optimal agent should be highly lethal and easily produced in large quantities and have limited options for preventive or prophylactic treatment. Given that the respiratory route is the most effective for most BW agents, stability in an aerosol form and the capability to be readily dispersed also in an aerosol (1-to 10-m particle size) are necessary. When potential agents are reviewed for these characteristics, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and variola major virus (smallpox) are considered to have the greatest potential for mass casualties and civil disruption. Also high on a prospective list of agents are botulinum neurotoxins, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis (48,91,92). Lower on the prospective list are Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Marburg and Ebola viruses, and influenza viruses (48,63,91,92).Emerging infectious disease agents. In addition to diseases caused by intentional epidemics, there are several emerging infectious diseases (ID) with the potential for significant public health consequences, including dengue fever, West Nile fever, and Rift Valley fever as well as the recent reemergence of malaria in the eastern United States (48,63,91,92). As with BW agents, emerging ID agents may be directly transmissible or vector borne (63). A complex interplay of factors can influence disease emergence, including genetic variation, environmental changes, and population pressures. Further compounding this already complicated situation, are the estimated 600 million international tourists annually, many with the potential to the spread disease globally in a matter of hours (63). Clearly, the challenges facing modern clinical microbiologists and immunologists are daunting enough without the added difficulties posed by the intentional release of BW/ID agents! Because of the threat posed by both BW and emerging or reemerging ID agents, there is a need to rapidly identify such agents in the clinical setting in order to treat the individuals at risk and to improve p...

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Are Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblot Assay Independent in Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases?

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Application and assessment of a dipstick assay in the diagnosis of hydatidosis and trichinosis

Application and assessment of a dipstick assay in the diagnosis of hydatidosis and trichinosis

Immunodiagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: rapid detection of mycobacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid by reverse passive hemagglutination assay and their characterization by Western blotting

Immunological Methods for Detection and Identification of Infectious Disease and Biological Warfare Agents

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