Are environmental sentinels signaling?

LeBlanc, Gerald A.

doi:10.1289/ehp.95103888

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As discussed in other parts of this review, endocrine system functioning can be adversely affected by a wide variety of xenobiotics (10,48,(271)(272)(273). In fact, humans have intentionally developed and already widely used such chemicals as pesticides in the environment (e.g., insect growth regulators).…”

Section: S=c\r-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

Crisp

Clegg

Cooper

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

401

141

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This report is an overview of the current state of the science relative to environmental endocrine disruption in humans, laboratory testing, and wildlife species. Background information is presented on the field of endocrinology, the nature of hormones, and potential sites for endocrine disruption, with specific examples of chemicals affecting these sites. An attempt is made to present objectively the issue of endocrine disruption, consider working hypotheses, offer opposing viewpoints, analyze the available information, and provide a reasonable assessment of the problem. Emphasis is placed on disruption of central nervous system--pituitary integration of hormonal and sexual behavioral activity, female and male reproductive system development and function, and thyroid function. In addition, the potential role of environmental endocrine disruption in the induction of breast, testicular, and prostate cancers, as well as endometriosis, is evaluated. The interrelationship of the endocrine and immune system is documented. With respect to endocrine-related ecological effects, specific case examples from the peer-reviewed literature of marine invertebrates and representatives of the five classes of vertebrates are presented and discussed. The report identifies some data gaps in our understanding of the environmental endocrine disruption issue and recommends a few research needs. Finally, the report states the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Policy Council's interim position on endocrine disruption and lists some of the ongoing activities to deal with this matter.

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Section: S=c\r-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

Crisp

Clegg

Cooper

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

401

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First recognized during the 40-year-long investigation of reproductive failure in birds exposed to chlorinated pesticides (276), effects on sexual differentiation and reproduction have now been identified in several species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and rodents (305)(306)(307)(308)(309)(310) for many different chemicals (pesticides, industrial effluents, and wastes) that also may threaten human health (311,312). These endocrine-disrupting chemicals may often affect individual reproductive capacity without affecting survival and growth, as measured from subchronic testing (313). In addition, they may elicit effects on the developing embryos that are not manifested until the mature organism enters its reproductive stage (313).…”

Section: Detectablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some species of aquatic invertebrates have been identified as target animals for endocrine-disrupting pollutants. Com-parative studies on the effects of chemicals on reproductive capacity and steroid metabolism in D. magna have shown that shortterm exposure to toxicants that impair reproduction also affects steroid metabolism (313)(314)(315). Changes in steroid metabolism, which may result from dysfunction of biotransformation enzymes, can therefore be considered an early-warning indicator of reproductive toxicity.…”

Section: Detectablementioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrates in testing of environmental chemicals: are they alternatives?

Lagadic¹,

Caquet²

1998

Environ Health Perspect

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An enlarged interpretation of alternatives in toxicology testing includes the replacement of one animal species with another, preferably a nonmammalian species. This paper reviews the potential of invertebrates in testing environmental chemicals and provides evidence of their usefulness in alternative testing methodologies. The first part of this review addresses the use of invertebrates in laboratory toxicology testing. Problems in extrapolating results obtained in invertebrates to those obtained from vertebrates are noted, suggesting that invertebrates can essentially be used in addition to rather than as replacements for vertebrates in laboratory toxicity tests. However, evaluation of the ecologic impact of environmental chemicals must include defining end points that may frequently differ from those classically used in biomedical research. In this context, alternative approaches using invertebrates may be more pertinent. The second part of the review therefore focuses on the use of invertebrates in situ to assess the environmental impact of pollutants. Advantages of invertebrates in ecotoxicologic investigation are presented for their usefulness for seeking mechanistic links between effects occurring at the individual level and consequences for higher levels of biologic organization (e.g., population and community). In the end, it is considered that replacement of vertebrates by invertebrates in ecotoxicity testing is likely to become a reality when basic knowledge of metabolic, physiologic, and developmental patterns in the latter will be sufficient to assess the effect of a given chemical through end points that could be different between invertebrates and vertebrates.

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“…Such chemicals, called endocrine disruptors (EDs), can pose serious threats to the reproductive ability of humans and animals, such as the global increase in testicular cancer, regional decline in sperm counts, altered sex ratios in wildlife populations, increase in the incidence of breast cancer and endometriosis, and accelerated puberty in females [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These observations have received a lot of attention and have led to government regulatory actions and expanded research in Europe, Asia, Canada and the U.S.A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Modeling of Estrogen-Like Chemicals

Liu

Yao²,

Gramatica³

2009

CCHTS

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Increasing concern is being shown by the scientific community, government regulators, and the public about endocrine-disrupting chemicals that, in the environment, are adversely affecting human and wildlife health through a variety of mechanisms, mainly estrogen receptor-mediated mechanisms of toxicity. Because of the large number of such chemicals in the environment, there is a great need for an effective means of rapidly assessing endocrine-disrupting activity in the toxicology assessment process. When faced with the challenging task of screening large libraries of molecules for biological activity, the benefits of computational predictive models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships to identify possible estrogens become immediately obvious. Recently, in order to improve the accuracy of prediction, some machine learning techniques were introduced to build more effective predictive models. In this review we will focus our attention on some recent advances in the use of these methods in modeling estrogen-like chemicals. The advantages and disadvantages of the machine learning algorithms used in solving this problem, the importance of the validation and performance assessment of the built models as well as their applicability domains will be discussed.

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Are environmental sentinels signaling?

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

Invertebrates in testing of environmental chemicals: are they alternatives?

The Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Modeling of Estrogen-Like Chemicals

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