Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

Crisp, Thomas M.; Clegg, Eric D.; Cooper, Ralph L.; Wood, William R.; Anderson, David G.; Baetcke, Karl P.; Hoffmann, Jennifer L.; Morrow, Melba S.; Rodier, Donald J.; Schaeffer, John E.; Touart, Leslie W.; Zeeman, Maurice; Patel, Yogendra M.

doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s111

Cited by 401 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 326 publications

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“…Significant in vivo responses have been observed in animal and human tests for bone, breast, ovary, pituitary, vasculature, prostate, and serum lipids. These actions represent a broader range of tissues and processes, including many beneficial outcomes, than the end points generally used to assess health risks posed by exposure to endocrine-active compounds (5). Reports of ERβ in many of the tissues that appear to be responsive to phytoestrogens are intriguing, but currently there are not sufficient data to assess the relative sensitivity of different end points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Whitten

Patisaul

2001

Environ Health Perspect

174

105

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This paper compiles animal and human data on the biologic effects and exposure levels of phytoestrogens in order to identify areas of research in which direct species comparisons can be made. In vitro and in vivo assays of phytoestrogen action and potency are reviewed and compared to actions, dose-response relationships, and estimates of exposure in human subjects. Binding studies show that the isoflavonoid phytoestrogens are high-affinity ligands for estrogen receptors (ERs), especially ER beta, but have lower potency in whole-cell assays, perhaps because of interactions with binding proteins. Many other enzymatic actions require concentrations higher than those normally seen in plasma. In vivo data show that phytoestrogens have a wide range of biologic effects at doses and plasma concentrations seen with normal human diets. Significant in vivoresponses have been observed in animal and human tests for bone, breast, ovary, pituitary, vasculature, prostate, and serum lipids. The doses reported to be biologically active in humans (0.4--10 mg/kg body weight/day) are lower than the doses generally reported to be active in rodents (10--100 mg/kg body weight/day), although some studies have reported rodent responses at lower doses. However, available estimates of bioavailability and peak plasma levels in rodents and humans are more similar. Steroidogenesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis appear to be important loci of phytoestrogen actions, but these inferences must be tentative because good dose-response data are not available for many end points. The similarity of reported proliferative and antiproliferative doses illustrates the need for fuller examination of dose-response relationships and multiple end points in assessing phytoestrogen actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At issue are both the degree to which low potency may limit hormonal effects (1,2) and the difficulty of assigning potencies to compounds with life stage-, cell-, and gene-specific effects (3)(4)(5)(6). Evaluating risk requires an accurate assessment of the relation between in vitro and animal tests of endocrine action and human responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Whitten

Patisaul

2001

Environ Health Perspect

174

105

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“…Heavy metals are of particular significance in ecotoxicology because of their high degree of persistence, and all have the potential to be toxic to living organisms (Dyer and Belanger, 1999;Rashed, 2010;Nagajyoti et al, 2010) above threshold concentra-tions. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are substances that can mimic or interfere with the hormonal and homoeostatic systems which regulate a variety of biological functions including development, behaviour, fertility and normal cell metabolism (Crisp et al, 1998;World Health Organization and International Program on Chemical Safety, 2002;Miyamoto and Burger, 2003). Reduced fertility, increased cancer risk (Soto and Sonnenschein, 2010) and increases in spontaneous abortions have been linked to elevated concentrations of EDCs in the environment (Robins et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk implications from simultaneous exposure to multiple environmental contaminants

Genthe

Roux

Schachtschneider

et al. 2013

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Keywords:Heavy metals Oestradiol Human health Microbial pathogens Water quality abstract Water quality has deteriorated in the upper Olifants River system, South Africa, as a result of land use activities which include mining, agriculture and industries. A health risk assessment was conducted from 2009 to 2011 in the catchment to determine the possible risks local communities face from various pollutants such as microbials, heavy metals and oestrogen in the river water and vegetation. Aluminium and manganese accumulated in plants and vanadium and aluminium concentrations found in selective water samples posed significant health risks when consumed. A quantitative microbial risk assessment revealed that the combined risk of infection ranged from 1 to 26 percent with the Norovirus posing the overall greatest health risk. The anticipated disability adjusted life years resulting from drinking untreated water from these sites are in the order of 10,000 times greater than what is considered acceptable. The oestradiol activity, caused by endocrine disrupting compounds in the water, measured above the trigger value of 0.7 ng L −1 . Impoverished communities in the area, who partially depend on river water for potable and domestic use, are exposed to immune-compromising metals that increase their probability of infection from waterborne diseases caused by the excess microbial pathogens in the contaminated surface water.

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“…?show "fnote_aff1"$^! "content-markup(./author-grp [1]/aff|./author-grp [1]/dept-list)> Constructed wetlands are used in the tertiary treatment of water discharged from wastewater treatment facilities. 15 The site referenced in the current study is a municipal wastewater treatment facility with typical primary and secondary wastewater treatment systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Potential causes are complex, but the sensitivity of amphibians to waterborne endocrine disruptors is well documented. 1 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been implicated in the reduced production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in bullfrogs and green frogs with limb malformations. 13 Triclosan, a bactericidal compound present in many products, disrupts expression of the thyroid hormoneassociated gene and can subsequently alter the postembryonic development of frogs through impaired thyroid hormone activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft-Tissue Mineralization of Bullfrog Larvae (Rana Catesbeiana) at a Wastewater Treatment Facility

Keel

Ruiz²,

Fisk

et al. 2010

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) from a wastewater treatment facility were identified with severe lesions consisting of large, up to 1-cm in diameter, mineralized nodules protruding from the tail or gular region. Sectioning of formalin-fixed specimens revealed more extensive mineralization involving the vertebrae or muscles of the head and tail. Nodules examined microscopically were not associated with parasitic or infectious agents. Large nodules consisted of mineralized aggregates surrounded by a margin of granulomatous inflammation. Individual connective-tissue fibers and muscle cells were mineralized at some foci. The nodules consisted entirely of calcium phosphate, and the lesions appeared to be novel. Total serumcalcium concentrations of tadpoles and calcium concentrations in water samples did not differ significantly with increasing distance from the discharge site. Affected tadpoles had elevated cholecalciferol (25-OHvitamin D3) levels. Effluent from this wastewater treatment facility is divided into 3 streams, each passing through a separate series of wetlands allowing for replicated evaluation of tadpoles with increasing distance from the proximate inputs of treated wastewater. The prevalence of lesions was correlated with proximity of cells to the initial wastewater discharge site, and 28.5% of bullfrog larvae in the first cells had lesions. None were affected in the fifth cells. Southern leopard frog larvae (Rana sphenocephala), the only other species affected, had a much lower prevalence of lesions (,1%) than bullfrog tadpoles and were only affected in the first cells. To date, the primary cause of elevated cholecalciferol is undetermined, but it appears to be remediated by passage of water through the wetlands.

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Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

Cited by 401 publications

References 326 publications

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Health risk implications from simultaneous exposure to multiple environmental contaminants

Soft-Tissue Mineralization of Bullfrog Larvae (Rana Catesbeiana) at a Wastewater Treatment Facility

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