Are ‘Competitive Foods’ Sold At School Making Our Children Fat?

Larson, Nicole; Story, Mary

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0716

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[16][17][18] Schools have become a source of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), candy, and other foods and beverages of minimal nutritional value. [19][20][21] Particularly at higher grade levels, school food environments include widespread availability of "competitive foods" 22 (foods and beverages sold outside of meal programs) that have historically been exempt from federal nutrition standards. 2 The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 requires, among several provisions, that competitivefoods besubjecttostandards set by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in schools that participate in federal meal programs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Weight Status Among Adolescents in States That Govern Competitive Food Nutrition Content

Taber¹,

Chriqui²,

et al. 2012

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Policies that govern nutrition standards of foods and beverages sold outside of federal meal programs ("competitive foods") have been associated with adolescent weight status in a small number of cross-sectional studies and pre-post analyses in individual states. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This longitudinal analysis of 6300 students in 40 states provides evidence that state competitive food laws are associated with lower within-student BMI change if laws contain strong language with specific standards and are consistent across grade levels. (2003) and within-student changes in BMI, overweight status, and obesity status. Fixed-effect models estimated the association between law changes during follow-up (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) and within-student changes in BMI and weight status.RESULTS: Students exposed to strong laws at baseline gained, on average, 0.25 fewer BMI units (95% confidence interval: 20.54, 0.03) and were less likely to remain overweight or obese over time than students in states with no laws. Students also gained fewer BMI units if exposed to consistently strong laws throughout follow-up (b = 20.44, 95% confidence interval: 20.71, 20.18). Conversely, students exposed to weaker laws in 2006 than 2003 had similar BMI gain as those not exposed in either year. CONCLUSIONS:Laws that regulate competitive food nutrition content may reduce adolescent BMI change if they are comprehensive, contain strong language, and are enacted across grade levels. Pediatrics 2012;130:437-444 AUTHORS:

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confidence: 99%

Weight Status Among Adolescents in States That Govern Competitive Food Nutrition Content

Taber¹,

Chriqui²,

et al. 2012

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“…Adolescents receive more than 40% of their daily caloric intake while in school, therefore, the influence of what foods and beverages they are consuming is so critical [5]. However, even with initiatives such as The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, which sets standards on competitive foods that are allowed to be sold throughout the school day for students, and the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) [6], there is still an undeniable need for further research to determine why we are still seeing a concerning increase in weight and BMI in the youth across the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors include increased portion sizes, and the multitudinous snack food options offered [13]. Studies on commercial and competitive foods which, according to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), are foods available to be purchased by students which are not part of the regular school lunch programs [1] have been ongoing [5,14–28], with research thus far examining the fact that youth in schools which serve a la carte meals eat fewer healthy options, and in a school setting where soft drinks and junk foods are sold, are more likely to be obese [29]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of competitive foods in public schools on child nutrition: effects on adolescent obesity in the United States an integrative systematic literature review

Sildén

2018

Global Health Action

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Background: The United States (US) is currently facing a public health crisis due to the percentage of obesity in adolescents. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) stated the risks for children due to obesity are many. Adolescents obtain a large portion of their daily caloric intake at school; therefore, what foods/drinks they are consuming is so serious. Objective: To identify and analyze literature on the effects of competitive foods in public schools on adolescent weight, or Body Mass Index (BMI), and possible impacts they may have on adolescent obesity in the United States. Methods: An integrative systematic review of literature was conducted. The literature was collected in CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Refined keyword search is further detailed in the report. Year restrictions were 2006–2017 from peer-reviewed journals and published in English, including adolescents 13–18 years old in the US. Criteria for inclusion targeted at least one of (1) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), (2) competitive foods, (3) commercial foods, (4) vending machines, (5) al a carte venues, and (6) school stores, examining their associations with weight measurements, using either weight or BMI, or caloric intake analysis. Results: A total of 164 articles were detected and assessed, for a final analysis of 34 full text articles. Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Common aspects of interest involved BMI/Obesity/Weight (73%), (58%) examined Calorie density or consumption, (77%) discussed the Availability of competitive foods in schools, (54%) included Analysis of competitive food, beverage and nutrition policies, and (69%) addressed Other effects. Conclusion: This review discovered substantial evidence that competitive foods are highly available in schools, however, lacking in robust evidence proving causality in increasing BMI or weight. There is strong corroboration in the research revealing that Other effects are factors worthy of studying further. Additional longitudinal and higher-quality research needs to be performed.

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“…What is important for the school management is that the franchise owner pays the rent for the lease of the shop, because they receive money, and the franchise owner has profits primarily from the selling of products not recommended for the student's health. The issue of food not recommended for students' health and sold in schools is quite popular (Larson & Story 2010;Terrence et al, 2007), whereas we often forget about food advertising present in the shops, also proven (Swinburn et al, 2008) to have an impact on students' eating habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of School Shops on Students’ Eating Habits on the Example of Secondary Schools in Wrocław in Poland1

Jarossová¹

2013

Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia

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The aim of this paper was to describe the impact of school shops on students' eating habits on the example of secondary schools in Wroclaw. The school shops in Wroclaw's secondary schools were characterized in terms of their type, persons involved in the food sale, the range of products in school shops and vending machines located within the schools, as well as the advertisements of food and beverages displayed in the school shops, promotions used by the owners with respect to food offered to the students and activities related to the promotion of rational nutrition principles. The paper outlines the conditions which should be met by school shops in order to be an important link in shaping the correct nutritional behavior of young people.

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Are ‘Competitive Foods’ Sold At School Making Our Children Fat?

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Weight Status Among Adolescents in States That Govern Competitive Food Nutrition Content

Weight Status Among Adolescents in States That Govern Competitive Food Nutrition Content

Impact of competitive foods in public schools on child nutrition: effects on adolescent obesity in the United States an integrative systematic literature review

The Impact of School Shops on Students’ Eating Habits on the Example of Secondary Schools in Wrocław in Poland1

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