Impact of competitive foods in public schools on child nutrition: effects on adolescent obesity in the United States an integrative systematic literature review

Sildén, Kirsten E.

doi:10.1080/16549716.2018.1477492

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Moreover, a review relying principally on cross-sectional studies indicated that shared family meals are associated with a lower obesity risk [ 33 ]. For the school environment, a negative influence of unhealthy food options on the weight of adolescents is being discussed; however, only very few studies to date have confirmed such a correlation [ 34 ]. For the living environment municipality, the availability of spaces that encourage physical activity [ 35 ], security of residential areas [ 36 ] and shopping and food options that promote a healthy diet [ 35 ] are considered to be factors that protect against obesity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… [ 32 ] School food environment A balanced offer of food and meals at school can help prevent obesity. [ 33 ] Opportunities for physical activity at school Spaces and opportunities for physical activity at school can help prevent obesity. [ 34 ] Spaces for physical activity in the neighbourhood Spaces for physical activity in the neighbourhood (such as parks, sports facilities, playground) can help prevent obesity.…”

Section: Annex Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influencing factors of obesity in school-age children and adolescents – A systematic review of the literature in the context of obesity monitoring

Lehmann¹,

Varnaccia²,

Zeiher³

et al. 2020

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Around 15% of children and adolescents in Germany are overweight or obese. To support the planning, implementation and evaluation of preventive activities, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) has developed a population-wide monitoring of influencing factors relevant to the development of obesity during childhood (AdiMon). AdiMon is a web-based indicator system providing population-wide meaningful and regularly updated data on factors that influence obesity in kindergarten-age girls and boys (0- to 6-years-old). Towards the end of 2020, the RKI will expand the indicator system to also cover the 7- to 17-year-old age group. To this end, a systematic review of the literature was conducted, a process which served to identify over 80 relevant factors that influence the development of obesity. These factors have been attributed to the categories behaviour, environment, biology, pre- and postnatal, psychosocial factors and context. Compared to a previous literature review for kindergarten-age children, around one tenth of the influencing factors now identified are new, including ‘peer group influences’ and ‘bullying’. As the results highlight, an array of influencing factors must be considered when expanding the monitoring system, ranging from individual health behaviour to the social framework conditions and environmental factors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Annex Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing factors of obesity in school-age children and adolescents – A systematic review of the literature in the context of obesity monitoring

Lehmann¹,

Varnaccia²,

Zeiher³

et al. 2020

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“…Although TX Sprouts had excellent buy-in from elementary school principals and administrators, many of the schools permitted marketing or the sale of foods and beverages that contradicted the core messages being taught in the TX Sprouts intervention. There is inconclusive evidence that competitive food and beverage sources in schools promote poor dietary intake and some limited evidence to suggest that consumption of these foods is associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and poorer weight outcomes in school children [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. School wellness policies can integrate school gardening programs as part of the day-to-day culture to serve as a foundation for promoting health and wellness across a school’s campus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a School-Based Gardening, Cooking, Nutrition Intervention on Diet Intake and Quality: The TX Sprouts Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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School gardens have become common school-based health promotion strategies to enhance dietary behaviors in the United States. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of TX Sprouts, a one-year school-based gardening, cooking, and nutrition cluster randomized controlled trial, on students’ dietary intake and quality. Eight schools were randomly assigned to the TX Sprouts intervention and eight schools to control (i.e., delayed intervention) over three years (2016–2019). The intervention arm received: formation and training of Garden Leadership Committees; a 0.25-acre outdoor teaching garden; 18 student lessons including gardening, nutrition, and cooking activities, taught weekly in the teaching garden during school hours; and nine parent lessons, taught monthly. Dietary intake data via two 24 h dietary recalls (24 hDR) were collected on a random subsample (n = 468). Dietary quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). The intervention group compared to control resulted in a modest increase in protein intake as a percentage of total energy (0.4% vs. −0.3%, p = 0.021) and in HEI-2015 total vegetables component scores (+4% vs. −2%, p = 0.003). When stratified by ethnicity/race, non-Hispanic children had a significant increase in HEI-2015 total vegetable scores in the intervention group compared to the control group (+4% vs. −8%, p = 0.026). Both the intervention and control groups increased added sugar intake; however, to a lesser extent within the intervention group (0.3 vs. 2.6 g/day, p = 0.050). School-based gardening, cooking, and nutrition interventions can result in significant improvements in dietary intake. Further research on ways to scale and sustain nutrition education programs in schools is warranted. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02668744).

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“… 7–9 A smaller body of research has noted that the effectiveness of these policies in lowering overweight/obesity differed across gender, grade levels, school neighborhood socioeconomic status, or racial/ethnic groups. 10–17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] A smaller body of research has noted that the effectiveness of these policies in lowering overweight/obesity differed across gender, grade levels, school neighborhood socioeconomic status, or racial/ ethnic groups. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Beyond individual characteristics, it is important to investigate how differences in place-level characteristics may interact with the food policies. Previous studies have shown differences in the availability of CF&B and in the presence of policies for promoting healthy lifestyles such as diet and physical activity by urbanicity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Food and Beverage Policies and Obesity among Middle School Students: Variability by Urbanicity in California

et al. 2022

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Introduction: This study examined the association between California school nutrition policies and population-level trends in childhood overweight/obesity by levels of urbanicity.Methods: We used interrupted time series with Fitnessgram data on overweight/obesity from the period 2002 to 2010 pertaining to African American, Latino, Asian, and White students in seventh grades who attended California public schools. We used multilevel logistic regression models to examine the impact of the introduction of successive California school nutrition policies on overweight/ obesity prevalence, stratified by gender and adjusted for school district-, school-, and student-level characteristics.Results: At the start of the study period, rural areas and second cities (i.e., population centers with lower population densities than urban areas) had relatively low prevalence, but experienced sharp increases in 2002-2004, leading to higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than suburban areas. There was evidence of beneficial policy influences on overweight/obesity in most areas, except for girls in urban areas and boys in second cities. The evidence of beneficial changes was strongest among children attending schools located in rural areas, and boys in suburban and urban areas. These results persisted even after we accounted for differences in racial/ ethnic compositions, socioeconomic characteristics of the schools and school neighborhoods, and school sizes, as well as child-level race/ethnicity, age, and student fitness levels.Conclusion: Despite evidence of beneficial policy impact, childhood obesity prevalence remains high, especially in urban areas in California. Additional policies and environmental interventions are recommended to address obesogenic risk factors unique to each area.

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Impact of competitive foods in public schools on child nutrition: effects on adolescent obesity in the United States an integrative systematic literature review

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Influencing factors of obesity in school-age children and adolescents – A systematic review of the literature in the context of obesity monitoring

Influencing factors of obesity in school-age children and adolescents – A systematic review of the literature in the context of obesity monitoring

Impact of a School-Based Gardening, Cooking, Nutrition Intervention on Diet Intake and Quality: The TX Sprouts Randomized Controlled Trial

Competitive Food and Beverage Policies and Obesity among Middle School Students: Variability by Urbanicity in California

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