Are birth weight predictors in diabetic pregnancy the same in boys and girls?

Sojo, L.; García‐Patterson, Apolonia; María, Miguel-Angel; Martin, Esther; Ubeda, Justa; Adelantado, Juan-María; Leiva, Alberto de; Corcoy, Rosa

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.07.002

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This is in contrast to a study of children investigating the outcome of blood pressure that, despite having explored and found gender differences in the birth weight to risk relationship, did not detect an effect at the higher birth weight range in females (22). These gender differences are not unexpected, given that there is a suggestion that intrauterine effects of maternal obesity and diabetes affect male and female fetuses differently (24,25). Gestational diabetes predicted macrosomia exclusively in male fetuses (24), but in another study equally in both sexes (26).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

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Sex Dimorphism in the Relation between Early Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents

Huang

Mori

Burrows

et al. 2012

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Gestational diabetes predicted macrosomia exclusively in male fetuses (24), but in another study equally in both sexes (26). A study of diabetic pregnancies showed that females were more likely than males to be large for gestational age or macrosomic in association with greater maternal weight gain (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex Dimorphism in the Relation between Early Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents

Huang

Mori

Burrows

et al. 2012

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…All variables with p<0.5 in the univariate analysis were entered into the model, and then non-significant variables were removed iteratively (according to decreasing p value) until only those with p<0.1 remained, details of which are shown is some evidence that variation in birthweight may be at least partly determined by fetal growth within the first 12 weeks after conception [38], investigation of the association of periconception hyperglycaemia with early fetal growth is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of growth restriction or overgrowth in pregnancies of women with diabetes. In addition to maternal hyperglycaemia, other factors, such as non-smoking, higher maternal height and BMI, found to be associated with higher birthweight in offspring of women with diabetes by previous studies [27,30], were also independent significant predictors of increased birthweight in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Second-trimester HbA 1c , although being strongly correlated with third-trimester HbA 1c , was a much weaker predictor of increase in birthweight and lost its effect after adjustment for third-trimester HbA 1c . Although earlier studies have not LGA was defined as birthweight ≥90th centile, and SGA as birthweight <10th centile, according to Scottish birthweight standards (by fetal sex, parity and gestational age) [24] HbA 1c was reported to be a significant predictor of LGA birthweight in a cohort of women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes after adjustment for a number of confounders [30]. In a study of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, maternal fasting glycaemia during 32-35 weeks was the strongest predictor of accelerated growth in the late third trimester, whereas in the late second and early third trimester and at birth the dominant predictors were previous LGA or maternal obesity [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HbA1c and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2012

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Aims/hypothesis To investigate clinical and sociodemographic predictors of birthweight in singletons born to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods Normally formed singleton live births and intrapartum stillbirths, born to women with pre-conception diabetes during 1996-2008, were identified from the population-based Northern Diabetes in Pregnancy Survey (n01,505). Associations between potential predictors and birthweight were analysed by multiple regression. Results Potentially modifiable independent predictors of increase in birthweight were pre-pregnancy care (adjusted regression coefficient [b]087.1 g; 95% CI 12.9, 161.3), increasing third-trimester HbA 1c ≤7% (53 mmol/mol) (b0310.5 g per 1% [11 mmol/mol]; 95% CI 246.3, 374.7) and increasing maternal BMI (b09.5 g per 1 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI 3.5, 15.5). Smoking during pregnancy (b0−145.1 g; 95% CI −231.4, −58.8), later gestation at first antenatal visit (b0−15.0 g; 95% CI −26.9, −3.0) and higher peri-conception HbA 1c (b0−48.2 g; 95% CI −68.8, −27.6) were independently associated with birthweight reduction. Pre-pregnancy nephropathy (b 0−282.7 g; 95% CI −461.8, −103.6) and retinopathy (b0−175.5 g; 95% CI −269.9, −81.0) were independent non-modifiable predictors of reduced birthweight, while greater maternal height was a non-modifiable predictor of increasing birthweight (b017.8 g; 95% CI 12.3, 23.2). Other predictors of birthweight increase were male sex, multiparity and increasing gestational age at delivery. Type or duration of diabetes, socioeconomic status and ethnicity were not associated with continuous birthweight. Conclusions/interpretation Poor glycaemic control before and throughout pregnancy is associated with abnormal fetal growth, with increasing peri-conception HbA 1c predicting weight reduction and increasing third-trimester HbA 1c predicting increased birthweight. Women with microvascular complications of diabetes may require increased surveillance to detect fetal growth restriction.

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“…Verkauskiene et al (27) , reported the dominance of being SGA in females. Sojo et al (28) , found that being a SGA was equal in both genders. Some studies investigating the effect of gender on birth weight have also demonstrated that mother ' s nutritional status might have an effect on determining the gender of the fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth patterns of large, small, and appropriate for gestational age infants: impacts of long-term breastfeeding: a retrospective cohort study

Çamurdan

Polat

et al. 2011

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background:In several studies, since high and low birth weights are demonstrated as associated with obesity in childhood, these values should be followed up and documented carefully. Objective: The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to demonstrate the variation on body mass index outcomes of large (LGA), small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) for gestational age infants from birth to the end of fourth year of age and the effects of breastfeeding duration on these outcomes. Methods and results: Four hundred and seven infants were recruited in the study (304 AGA, 85 LGA, 18 SGA infants).LGA was frequent in boys and SGA in girls (p = 0.001). The mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus did have LGA infants (10.0 % vs. 3.3 % ) (p = 0.022). The SGA infants performed rapid catch-up growth in the second month while the LGA infants performed catch-down growth in the ninth month. After the fi rst 4 months, there was no difference on the values of BMI depending on breastfeeding time, less or more than 4 months, on the basis of the AGA and LGA infants. However, the body mass index (BMI) of LGA infants breastfed more than 12 months were not different from the AGA; unless the breastfeeding ceased earlier, the means of BMI remained signifi cantly higher until 3 years. Conclusion: Consequently, long duration of breastfeeding might protect LGA infants from childhood obesity risk.

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Are birth weight predictors in diabetic pregnancy the same in boys and girls?

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Sex Dimorphism in the Relation between Early Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents

Sex Dimorphism in the Relation between Early Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents

HbA1c and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study

Growth patterns of large, small, and appropriate for gestational age infants: impacts of long-term breastfeeding: a retrospective cohort study

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