Arctic ocean shelf–basin interaction: An active continental shelf CO2 pump and its impact on the degree of calcium carbonate solubility

Anderson, Leif G.; Tanhua, Toste; Björk, Göran; Hjalmarsson, Sofia; Jones, E. P.; Jütterström, Sara; Rudels, Bert; Swift, James H.; Wåhlstöm, I.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.012

Cited by 79 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The contribution of other water masses with different seawater CO 2 -carbonate chemistry properties (i.e., δDIC ADVECTION /δ ADVECTION ) is an undetermined contributor to the mass balance model assessment. The inflow of Alaskan Coastal Current (ACC) water appears to bring high-water through Bering Strait into the Chukchi Sea ( values of 2.2; Table 2), while inflow of Siberian Coastal Current (SCC) water likely brings low-waters due to respiration and remineralization on the East Siberian Sea shelf (e.g., Semiletov et al, 2007;Anderson et al, 2010). However, as estimated in Sect.…”

Section: Imbalance Of Mean Surfacementioning

confidence: 95%

“…6b). Subsurface waters of the East Siberian Sea shelf had low aragonite values (i.e., less than 1.2), and this is likely due to remineralization of organic carbon back to CO 2 (Semiletov et al, 2007;Anderson et al, 2010). Similarly, in the northern Chukchi Sea shelf, the low values were co-located in those areas coincident with high rates of euphotic zone marine phytoplankton primary production and thus likely reflect subsurface remineralization of vertically exported organic carbon ( , and earlier during the 1990s (Jutterström and Anderson, 2005), suggesting that this feature has persistence over the recent past.…”

Section: Subsurface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean – how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The Arctic Ocean accounts for only 4% of the global ocean area, but it contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. Recent observations of seawater CO2-carbonate chemistry in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean, primarily in the Chukchi Sea, from 2009 to 2011 indicate that bottom waters are seasonally undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals, particularly aragonite. Nearly 40% of sampled bottom waters on the shelf have saturation states less than one for aragonite (i.e., Ωaragonite < 1.0), thereby exposing the benthos to potentially corrosive water for CaCO3-secreting organisms, while 80% of bottom waters present had Ωaragonite values less than 1.5. Our observations indicate seasonal reduction of saturation states (Ω) for calcite (Ωcalcite) and aragonite (Ωaragonite) in the subsurface in the western Arctic by as much as 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. Such data indicate that bottom waters of the western Arctic shelves were already potentially corrosive for biogenic and sedimentary CaCO3 for several months each year. Seasonal changes in Ω are imparted by a variety of factors such as phytoplankton photosynthesis, respiration/remineralization of organic matter and air–sea gas exchange of CO2. Combined, these processes either increase or enhance in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. These seasonal physical and biological processes also act to mitigate or enhance the impact of Anthropocene ocean acidification (OA) on Ω in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. Future monitoring of the western Arctic shelves is warranted to assess the present and future impact of ocean acidification and seasonal physico-biogeochemical processes on Ω values and Arctic marine ecosystems.

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Section: Imbalance Of Mean Surfacementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Subsurface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean – how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification

et al. 2013

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“…Undersaturation with respect to aragonite is already found in surface waters of the Canada Basin (Yamamoto-Kawai et al, 2009;Chierici et al, 2009;Bates et al, 2012). Model studies show that the Arctic Ocean may become entirely undersaturated with respect to aragonite already by 2050 (Anderson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelagic community production and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry under variable ocean acidification in an Arctic fjord

et al. 2013

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Net community production (NCP) and carbon to nutrient uptake ratios were studied during a large-scale mesocosm experiment on ocean acidification in Kongsfjorden, western Svalbard, during June–July 2010. Nutrient depleted fjord water with natural plankton assemblages, enclosed in nine mesocosms of ~ 50 m³ in volume, was exposed to pCO₂ levels ranging initially from 185 to 1420 μatm. NCP estimations are the cumulative change in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations after accounting for gas exchange and total alkalinity variations. Stoichiometric coupling between inorganic carbon and nutrient net uptake is shown as a ratio of NCP to a cumulative change in inorganic nutrients. Phytoplankton growth was stimulated by nutrient addition half way through the experiment and three distinct peaks in chlorophyll a concentration were observed during the experiment. Accordingly, the experiment was divided in three phases. Cumulative NCP was similar in all mesocosms over the duration of the experiment. However, in phases I and II, NCP was higher and in phase III lower at elevated pCO₂. Due to relatively low inorganic nutrient concentration in phase I, C : N and C : P uptake ratios were calculated only for the period after nutrient addition (phase II and phase III). For the total post-nutrient period (phase II + phase III) ratios were close to Redfield, however they were lower in phase II and higher in phase III. Variability of NCP, C : N and C : P uptake ratios in different phases reflects the effect of increasing CO₂ on phytoplankton community composition and succession. The phytoplankton community was composed predominantly of haptophytes in phase I, prasinophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes in phase II, and haptophytes, prasinophytes, dinoflagellates and chlorophytes in phase III (Schulz et al., 2013). Increasing ambient inorganic carbon concentrations have also been shown to promote primary production and carbon assimilation. For this study, it is clear that the pelagic ecosystem response to increasing CO₂ is more complex than that represented in previous work, e.g. Bellerby et al. (2008). Carbon and nutrient uptake representation in models should, where possible, be more focused on individual plankton functional types as applying a single stoichiometry to a biogeochemical model with regard to the effect of increasing pCO₂ may not always be optimal. The phase variability in NCP and stoichiometry may be better understood if CO₂ sensitivities of the plankton's functional type biogeochemical uptake kinetics and trophic interactions are better constrained

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“…P25). For example, Anderson et al (2010) noted a decrease in pH of about 0.4 to a minimum of 7.6 in the upper 200 m of Arctic shelf depths, which is equivalent to the global changes in oceanic pH projected by the year 2100 (Caldeira and Wickett 2003, fig. 1), and undersaturation with respect to aragonite at greater depths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of magnesium content in Arctic bryozoan skeletons along a depth gradient

2012

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A growing body of evidence suggests that ocean acidification acting synergistically with ocean warming alters carbonate biomineralization in a variety of marine biota. Magnesium often substitutes for Ca in the calcite skeletons of marine invertebrates, increasing their solubility. The spatioenvironmental distribution of Mg in marine invertebrates has seldom been studied, despite its importance for assessing vulnerabilities to ocean acidification. Because pH decreases with water depth, it is predicted that levels of Mg in calcite skeletons should also decrease to counteract dissolution. Such a pattern has been suggested by evidence from echinoderms. Data on magnesium content and depth in Arctic bryozoans (52 species, 103 individuals, 150 samples) are here used to test this prediction, aided by comparison with six conceptual models explaining all possible scenarios. Analyses were based on a uniform dataset spanning more than 200 m of coastal water depth. No significant relationship was found between depth and Mg content; indeed, the highest Mg content among the analyzed taxa (8.7 % mol MgCO 3 ) was recorded from the deepest settings ([200 m). Our findings contrast with previously published results from echinoderms in which Mg was found to decrease with depth. The bryozoan results suggest that ocean acidification may have less impact on the studied bryozoans than is generally assumed. In the broad context, our study exemplifies quantitative testing of spatial patterns of skeletal geochemistry for predicting the biological effects of environmental change in the oceans.

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Arctic ocean shelf–basin interaction: An active continental shelf CO2 pump and its impact on the degree of calcium carbonate solubility

Cited by 79 publications

References 57 publications

Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean – how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification

Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean – how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification

Pelagic community production and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry under variable ocean acidification in an Arctic fjord

Patterns of magnesium content in Arctic bryozoan skeletons along a depth gradient

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