Arctic kelp eco-physiology during the polar night in the face of global warming: a crucial role for laminarin

Scheschonk, Lydia; Becker, Stefan; Hehemann, Jan Hendrik; Diehl, Nora; Karsten, Ulf; Bischof, Kai

doi:10.3354/meps12860

Cited by 33 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Sheath et al (1977) demonstrated that the red alga Porphyra leucosticta can synthesize Chl a in the darkness at rates comparable with those in the light. In the current climate scenario, field investigations showed that S. latissima can maintain pigment content during 4 months of polar night, as shown for the contents of Chl a and antenna pigments (Scheschonk et al, 2019). The small variation of DEGs related to pigment metabolisms in our study is in agreement with above observations, indicating that S. latissima is well adapted to the low light and keeps the pigment metabolism in darkness to preserve the photosynthetic apparatus.…”

Section: Photosynthetic Responsessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Physiological measurements also showed that algae have different respiration rates in darkness (Henley and Dunton, 1997;Weykam et al, 1997;Borum et al, 2002;Montechiaro and Giordano, 2006). For example, the meristem of Laminaria solidungula increased respiration rate while S. latissima kept stable oxygen consumption at the end of the polar night (Scheschonk et al, 2019). Back to our results, the limited DEGs related to respiration versus the reduction of glycolysis suggest that the source of acetyl-CoA for respiration might be changed during the dark acclimation.…”

Section: Glycolysis and Respirationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Mcminn and Martin (2013) concluded several strategies for algae to survive long periods of darkness. One of them is changing physiological activities, including the reduction of metabolic rate (Palmisano and Sullivan, 1982;Jochem, 1999) and utilization of energy storage products (e.g., laminarans and lipids) to maintain basic metabolism during prolonged darkness (Manoharan et al, 1999;Schaub et al, 2017;Scheschonk et al, 2019). The pigments and photosynthetic performances of algae in darkness have been widely investigated (Wulff et al, 2008;Martin et al, 2012;Naik and Anil, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several laboratory studies demonstrated chlorophylls remained constant while the potential of photochemistry was decreased during the exposure to darkness (Montechiaro and Giordano, 2006;Reeves et al, 2011;Lacour et al, 2019). A field study showed that Arctic kelps can preserve their photosynthetic capability throughout the 4-month polar night reflected by the stable chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigment content (Scheschonk et al, 2019). Recently, the molecular acclimation processes of microalgae to long-term darkness have been examined using transcriptomics (Nymark et al, 2013;Mock et al, 2017;Mundt et al, 2019) and proteomics (Bai et al, 2016;Kennedy et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night

Scheschonk

Heinrich³

et al. 2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Kelps in the Arctic region are facing challenging natural conditions. They experience over 120 days of darkness during the polar night surviving on storage compounds without conducting photosynthesis. Furthermore, the Arctic is experiencing continuous warming as a consequence of climate change. Such temperature increase may enhance the metabolic activity of kelps, using up storage compounds faster. As the survival strategy of kelps during darkness in the warming Arctic is poorly understood, we studied the physiological and transcriptomic responses of Saccharina latissima, one of the most common kelp species in the Arctic, after a 2-week dark exposure at two temperatures (0 and 4°C) versus the same temperatures under low light conditions. Growth rates were decreased in darkness but remained stable at two temperatures. Pigments had higher values in darkness and at 4°C. Darkness had a greater impact on the transcriptomic performance of S. latissima than increased temperature according to the high numbers of differentially expressed genes between dark and light treatments. Darkness generally repressed the expression of genes coding for glycolysis and metabolite biosynthesis, as well as some energy-demanding processes, such as synthesis of photosynthetic components and transporters. Moreover, increased temperature enhanced these repressions, while the expression of some genes encoding components of the lipid and laminaran catabolism, glyoxylate cycle and signaling were enhanced in darkness. Our study helps to understand the survival strategy of kelp in the early polar night and its potential resilience to the warming Arctic.

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Section: Photosynthetic Responsessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Glycolysis and Respirationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night

Scheschonk

Heinrich³

et al. 2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…As the most common brown alga on the coastal areas of Korean peninsula, kelp was chosen to extract laminarin and fucoidan. Laminarin and fucoidan are two types of low molecular weight polysaccharides present in brown algae . Laminarins are β‐1,3‐glucans with occasional β‐1,6‐branches, containing degrees of polymerization ranging from 20 to 40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Schiff bases derived from carboxymethylcellulose sodium in the separation of polysaccharides from kelp

Dai

Row

2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: A novel and rapid method for the separation and simultaneous extraction of two types of polysaccharides from kelp was developed using an ultrasonic-assisted solid-liquid extraction method. Many polysaccharides obtained from diverse plant sources have important properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant and antitumor activities. Edible brown algae contain many bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, vitamins and minerals. As the most common brown alga on the coastal areas of the Korean peninsula, kelp was selected to extract laminarin and fucoidan. Using ethanol as a solvent, the effects of ultrasonic-assisted solid-liquid extraction on the extraction of polysaccharides from kelp, such as the extraction period, temperature, pH and mass:solvent ratio were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: Compared to traditional heating and microwave-assisted extraction methods, ultrasonic-assisted solid-liquid extraction produced higher extraction yields in a shorter time. The optimal conditions for the ultrasonic-assisted solid-liquid extraction supporting the highest recoveries of the two polysaccharides were 40°C, ethanol as a solvent at pH 6, 40 min and a 1:30 g mL −1 mass:solvent ratio. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries of fucoidan and laminarin were 94.29% and 88.90%, respectively. The real quantities of fucoidan and laminarin extracted from kelp with synthesized carboxymethylcellulose sodium Schiff bases added to ethanol in the proposed method were 120.7 ± 0.26 and 45.3 ± 0.19 mg g −1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic-assisted solid-liquid extraction not only improved the recoveries of the extraction, but also was an eco-friendly, efficient and promising alternative method for the simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from kelp.

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Heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations

Liesner

Fouqueau

Valéro

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp Laminaria digitata in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold‐temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural L. digitata populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common‐garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analyzed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of L. digitata is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species’ ecological range margins. Two populations at the species’ warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In L. digitata from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across L. digitata's European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species’ capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.

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Arctic kelp eco-physiology during the polar night in the face of global warming: a crucial role for laminarin

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night

Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night

Application of Schiff bases derived from carboxymethylcellulose sodium in the separation of polysaccharides from kelp

Heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations

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