Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night

Li, Huiru; Scheschonk, Lydia; Heinrich, S.; Valentin, Klaus; Harms, Lars; Glöckner, Gernot; Corre, Erwan; Bischof, Kai

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.592033

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…A search of the NCBI-SRA repository with the Aev-NL1 RNA sequence yielded a similar, yet unknown bisegmented virus in an S. latissima RNA-seq experiment (NCBI-SRA: PRJNA564197; Li et al ., 2020). Aligning the 5’ ends as well as the 3’ ends of the Aev-NL1 and Slv-NL1 RNA sequences supported the almost completeness of the new Slv-NL1 virus sequences (Supplementary file S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of novel RNA viruses in commercially relevant seaweedsAlaria esculentaandSaccharina latissima

Dekker,

de Leeuw,

van Olst

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Seaweeds are increasingly recognized as sustainable food sources; however, their large-scale cultivation faces challenges similar to land crops, including susceptibility to pathogens. Plant viruses pose a significant threat to global food security, yet little is known about the diversity of viruses in seaweeds. This study investigates virus-associated small interfering RNA (siRNA) responses in commercially relevant seaweed species to understand RNA virus diversity, particularly in edible varieties. Through small RNA sequencing of 16 samples fromSaccharina latissimaandAlaria esculenta, we identified three new RNA viruses Aev-NL1, Slv-NL2 and Slv-NL3, and one new DNA virus (phaeovirus). The partial genome of the new DNA virus was discovered in theA. esculentasamples and shared 67% DNA sequence identity with the major coat protein of the large double-stranded DNA phaeovirusFeldmannia irregularisvirus a. In four out of fiveA. esculentasamples, a new bisegmented ormycovirus-like RNA virus (Aev-NL1) was identified. A similar new virus, Slv-NL1, was found in previously publishedS. latissimaRNA-seq data, sharing 87% sequence identity with Aev-NL1. Lastly, two novel RNA viruses, Slv-NL2 and Slv-NL3, were discovered in all eightS. latissimasamples sharing limited similarity at the genome level but high sequence identity at protein level of both ORFs (>94%). Further investigation of the novel viruses' presence across our limited set of samples revealed no conclusive associations with diseased seaweed phenotypes. The discovery of four new viruses in only a limited set of samples highlights the presence of previously unrecognized viral diversity in seaweed, thereby underscoring the importance of understanding viral diversity in seaweed as its virome is currently understudied

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of novel RNA viruses in commercially relevant seaweedsAlaria esculentaandSaccharina latissima

Dekker,

de Leeuw,

van Olst

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, temperature‐induced loss of M. pyrifera during a marine heatwave event was found to be more significant in turbid conditions (Tait et al, 2021 ). It is thought that this phenomenon is the result of metabolic stimulation under elevated temperatures, resulting in kelps metabolizing their storage compounds more quickly and being unable to replace them in darkness or under reduced light conditions (Li, Scheschonk, et al, 2020 ). This has significant implications for the survival of kelp forests through and beyond the polar winter under future climate scenarios.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has significant implications for the survival of kelp forests through and beyond the polar winter under future climate scenarios. Certain species, such as S. latissima , may compensate for metabolic stimulation by repressing transcriptomic activities related to energy‐demanding processes under elevated temperature conditions (Li, Scheschonk, et al, 2020 ). Indeed, this species exhibits significantly altered gene expressions at higher temperatures and even more so at higher temperatures under high light intensities, suggesting that this combination causes the most metabolic stimulation (Heinrich et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing number of studies are considering how combinations of multiple stressors will impact cold‐temperate kelp ecology (Gordillo et al, 2022 ; Heinrich et al, 2015 ; Li, Scheschonk, et al, 2020 ; Tait et al, 2021 ; Umanzor et al, 2021 ). This is a much more realistic representation of natural systems, and we would recommend that future investigations consider more varied combinations of stressors.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

Drakard

Hollarsmith

Stekoll

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Kelp forests worldwide are threatened by both climate change and localized anthropogenic impacts. Species with cold-temperate, subpolar, or polar distributions are projected to experience range contractions over the coming decades, which may be exacerbated by climatic events such as marine heatwaves and increased freshwater and sediment input from rapidly contracting glaciers. The northeast Pacific has an extensive history of harvesting and cultivating kelps for subsistence, commercial, and other uses, and, therefore, declines in kelp abundance and distributional shifts will have significant impacts on this region. Gaps in our understanding of how coldtemperate kelp species respond to climate stressors have limited our ability to forecast the status of kelp forests in future oceans, which hampers conservation and management efforts. Here, we conducted a structured literature review to provide a synthesis of the impacts of multiple climate-related stressors on kelp forests in the northeast Pacific, assess existing knowledge gaps, and suggest potential research priorities. We chose to focus on temperature, salinity, sediment load, and light as the stressors most likely to vary and impact kelps as climate change progresses. Our results revealed biases in the existing literature toward studies investigating the impacts of temperature, or temperature in combination with light. Other stressors, particularly salinity and sediment load, have received much less focus despite rapidly changing conditions in high-latitude regions. Furthermore, multiple stressor studies appear to focus on kelp sporophytes, and it is necessary that we improve our understanding of how kelp microstages will be affected by stressor combinations. Finally, studies that investigate the potential of experimental transplantation or selective cultivation of genotypes resilient to environmental changes are lacking and would be useful for the conservation of wild populations and the seaweed aquaculture industry.

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“…Gene expression patterns in S. latissima were first investigated using microarrays Heinrich et al 2015Heinrich et al , 2016 but more recently, RNA-sequencing was applied (Monteiro, Heinrich, et al 2019;Monteiro, Li, et al 2019;Pearson et al 2019;Li, Scheschonk, et al 2020) and reference genes for real-time-quantitative PCR (RT q-PCR) were developed (Xing et al 2021). These studies explored interactive effects of temperature and irradiance , temperature and UV levels (Heinrich et al 2015), interactive effects of temperature and salinity and its modulation by geographical variation in sporophytes (Monteiro, Li, et al 2019;; the response to darkness in sporophytes (Li, Scheschonk, et al 2020), the interaction of temperature and sex of gametophytes (Monteiro, Heinrich, et al 2019) as well as gene expression profiles during gametogenesis (Pearson et al 2019) and a comparison between field and lab-cultivated sporophytes (Heinrich et al 2016). Direct comparisons between the former studies are challenging since technologies and levels of experimental temperature applied differ.…”

Section: Transcriptomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: Recent advances in a changing climate

Diehl,

Li,

Scheschonk

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundThe sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is a Laminariales species widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its physiology and ecology have been studied since the 1960s, given its ecological relevance in western temperate coasts. However, research interest has recently been rising, driven mainly by reports of negative impacts of anthropogenically induced environmental change and by the increased commercial interest in cultivating the species with several industrial applications for the resulting biomass. • ScopeWe reviewed peer-review research articles, reports, doctoral theses, and book chapters that targeted Saccharina latissima published from 2009 to May 2023. We include earlier publications only in the few cases where some key knowledge has not been recently supported or contested. • ConclusionsThe comprehensive view of the ecology, physiology, biochemical and molecular biology of S. latissima given here can fuel our understanding of its survival in nature and finetuning of cultivation methods for several specific applications, promoting a sustainable resource. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics have contributed significantly to improving the understanding of genetic diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity and local adaptation. Due to its wide distribution, S. latissima has to cope with a large variability of different environmental conditions and possible interactions between drivers. Therefore, S. latissima has developed a variety of physiological and biochemical mechanisms to adjust to environmental changes. Survival, growth, photosynthetic performance, metabolism, and 3 enzymatic activity are strongly affected by abiotic conditions, such as temperature, salinity, nutrient conditions or ocean acidification. Massive alterations regarding abundance, depth distribution and seasonal growth patterns of S. latissima have been reported recently throughout its distribution range, likely in response to climate change. These biogeographic changes are expected to continue, and although much effort has been dedicated to studying S. latissima responses to environmental drivers, there are still large knowledge gaps. keywords: acclimation -biogeography -climate change -local adaptation -macroalgae -marine ecology -metabolites -molecular biology -omics -physiology -seaweedwarming How S. latissima adjusts to its environment has been extensively studied, although unbalanced among drivers and geographical regions (see Responses to environmental drivers). In seaweeds, biochemical compounds, including pigments, carbohydrates, antioxidants, lipids, fatty acids and proteins, vary in composition and concentration depending on environmental conditions (summarized in Amsler 2008; Wiencke and Bischof 2012; Hurd et al. 2014; Zhang and Thomsen 2019). Furthermore, biological interactions with other taxa have the potential to profoundly change S. latissima growth and survival and are summarized in Biotic interactions. In addition to seasonal effects or differences on larger globa...

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Transcriptomic Responses to Darkness and the Survival Strategy of the Kelp Saccharina latissima in the Early Polar Night

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

Discovery of novel RNA viruses in commercially relevant seaweedsAlaria esculentaandSaccharina latissima

Discovery of novel RNA viruses in commercially relevant seaweedsAlaria esculentaandSaccharina latissima

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: Recent advances in a changing climate

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