Arctic Fox Migrations in Manitoba

Wrigley, Robert E.; Hatch, David R.M.

doi:10.14430/arctic2798

Cited by 45 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Winter movements of individual foxes, presumably in search of food, can amount to more than 1,000 km from land on the pack-ice, or southward into the taiga (Ognev, 1931;Braestrup, 1941;Chapskii, 1946;Butilevskii and Uspenskii, 1957;MacPherson, 1968;Bausch, 1968;Wrigley and Hatch, 1976). We found T. polyacantha in two arctic foxes that were killed on the ice island T-3 when it was drifting in the Arctic Ocean at about lat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoncospheral development and cycle ofTaenia polyacanthaLeuckart, 1856 (Cestoda: Taeniidae)

Rausch

Fay

1988

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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When first observed in hepatic tissue, on the 5th day postexposure, the larvae were surrounded by accumulations of eosinophils. Sections of liver showed some degree of focal hepatitis, characterized by infiltration by neutrophils. Emergence of larvae into the peritoneal cavity on the 6th day postexposure was correlated with the presence of ascitic fluid and acute to diffuse peritonitis, indicated by a thin layer of neutrophils and small amounts of fibrin covering Glisson's capsule. Diffuse subcapsular hepatitis, probably related to the migration of the larvae, also was evident. In some animals that received large numbers of eggs, peritonitis was usually more generalized, and sometimes led to extensive adhesions of the abdominal viscera.In appearance, the ascitic fluid was serous to turbid, and often was colored pinkish by the presence of erythrocytes. Smears stained by the Wright-Giemsa method exhibited numerous eosinophils, along with a few segmented granulocytes and numerous large, vacuolated mésothelial cells. The mesothelial cells occasionally had phagocytized eosinophilic or basophilic material, and some contained mar kedly degenerated eosinophils; degenerative changes also were evident in some mesothelial cells. Differential counts of leukocytes in stained smears of ascitic fluid, from the first to the 16th day postexposure, showed increased numbers of neutrophils from the 5th day onward and marked eosinophilia from the 9th day onward (table I ). The highest observed proportions of eosinophils (59 % and 69 %) were recorded respectively on the 14th and 16th days postexposure. In the cir-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoncospheral development and cycle ofTaenia polyacanthaLeuckart, 1856 (Cestoda: Taeniidae)

Rausch

Fay

1988

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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“…Furthermore, the expansion and establishment of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on the tundra starting during the late 19th century impacts negatively on the Arctic fox through competition and predation. The Arctic fox is well known for its extensive migration capacity (Wrigley and Hatch 1976), but despite this, the Scandinavian Arctic fox occurs in four more or less isolated subpopulations (Dalén et al 2006). The southernmost Swedish subpopulation (Helags; Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating patterns in an inbred Arctic carnivore

2018

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Mating patterns are highly context-dependent and the outcome of selection pressures formed by ecological factors, inbreeding levels and access to available partners. In small and inbred populations, matings are limited by high kin encounter rates and access to mates. In this paper, we use background pedigree data to investigate mating patterns and inbreeding avoidance in an isolated and critically endangered Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population. Empirical data showed avoidance of matings within natal family. Based on 35 documented matings, we only recorded two full-sibling matings and these occurred between individuals from different natal families. Matings between second-order relatives, however, occurred to the same extent as between unrelated individuals. To test how this influenced the population development of inbreeding (f), we simulated scenarios of random mating, exclusion of natal family and exclusion of individuals in already existing pair bonds. The observed development of inbreeding did not correspond the expected scenario of random mating (linear regression, r 2 = 0.354, P = 0.20), but showed a comparable outcome as the simulated development of discriminating natal family (linear regression, r 2 = 0.980, P < 0.001). We conclude that behavioural, pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance strategies occur in this population and that exclusion of mating with natal family causes a slower increase in inbreeding levels compared to random mating. This study demonstrates how long-term monitoring, pedigree construction and simulations can generate information valuable for an in-depth understanding of both conservation genetics and behavioural ecology in threatened populations.

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“…The fox population fluctuates in size from year to year and frequently is depleted and/or augmented by exodus of foxes onto the pack ice and influx from the ice during the winter. Arctic foxes are well known as long distance travellers over both ice and land (Wrigley and Hatch, 1976;Eberhardt and Hanson, 1978;Garrott and Eberhardt, 1987), so those reaching the island via the pack ice may come from both the Eurasian and North Ame rican continents. Such dispersing foxes also transport hel minths and microorganisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

The ecology ofEchinococcus multilocularis(Cestoda : Taeniidae) on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska.

Rausch

Fay

Williamson

1990

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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The helminths of 1,579 arctic foxes from St. Lawrence Island were investigated by standard methods. The foxes, obtained mainly during the winter from fur trappers, harbored 22 species of hel minths. Four of those were trematodes, viz., Maritrema afanassjewi Belopol'skaia, 1952, Orthosplanchnus pygmaeus Iurakhno, 1967, Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolphi, 1802 and Alaria marcianae (LaRue, 1917), each of which occurred in a single host. Two spe cies of cestodes, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) and Mesocestoides kirbyi Chandler, 1940, were uncommon (in 2.7 and 1.3 % of the foxes, respectively). Taenia polyacantha Leuckart, 1856 and Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 were pre sent in about 80 % of the foxes, and Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) in less than 10 %. The specimens of Taenia spp. from the autumn-winter sample were usually destrobilate. In about 2 % of the foxes, acanthocephalans of six species occurred. Four of those, of the genus Corynosoma Lühe, 1904, were common in marine mammals of the region; a fifth, Corynosoma clavatum Goss, 1940, has been reported previously only from marine birds of the Sou thern Hemisphere; and the sixth, Polymorphus cf. minutus (Goeze, 1782), has been found widely in waterfowl of the Northern Hemis phere. Of the nematodes, Sobolophyme baturini Petrov, 1930, Cylicospirura felineus (Chandler, 1925), and Physaloptera sp. were rare (with each in only one to three foxes). Trichinella nativa Boev et Britov, 1972 and Crenosoma vulpis (Dujardin, 1844) were uncommon (1.5 and 4 %, respectively). The nematodes most often present were Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) (89 %) and Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet, 1884) (40 %). Several of the rare to uncommon helminths probably were transported to the island by foxes immigrating from the adjacent continents via the pack ice.

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Arctic Fox Migrations in Manitoba

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Postoncospheral development and cycle ofTaenia polyacanthaLeuckart, 1856 (Cestoda: Taeniidae)

Postoncospheral development and cycle ofTaenia polyacanthaLeuckart, 1856 (Cestoda: Taeniidae)

Mating patterns in an inbred Arctic carnivore

The ecology ofEchinococcus multilocularis(Cestoda : Taeniidae) on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska.

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