Architectural and Structural Characteristics of Masonry Buildings between the 19th and 20th Centuries in Lisbon, Portugal

Fragility Functions for Tall URM Buildings around Early 20th Century in Lisbon. Part 1: Methodology and Application at Building Level

“…The buildings constructed in the area of "Avenidas Novas" represent the core of the urban development of Lisbon in the transition between the 19 th and 20 th centuries. The main architectonical and structural features of these buildings are described in Simões et al (2017). The buildings have between four and six stories, façade walls made of rubble masonry, side and interior walls made of brick masonry.…”

“…The Bayes' Theorem is used to update the probability of a priori distribution given that new evidences are available. In this case, the a priori distribution is defined by the interval of values proposed in the commentary to the NTC08 (MIT, 2009) for the relevant masonry types, whereas the new evidences are defined by the experimental test results carried out in Lisbon, including in situ and laboratory tests (Simões et al, 2017;Simões, 2018). Group 5, 8 and 11 refer to the modelling of the flexural behaviour of spandrels according to the criterion proposed in (Cattari and Lagomarsino, 2008) assuming an equivalent tensile strength on the elements due to the interlocking of the masonry units at the end section of spandrels (Int -ratio between length and height of the masonry unit).…”

“…These buildings characterize a period of low construction quality in Lisbon with relatively tall buildings (between four and six storeys), particularly in comparison with the preceding earthquake-resistant masonry buildings constructed after the 1755 earthquake (Simões et al 2015). They are commonly referred to as "gaioleiro" buildings, meaning "bird cage", as they seem more adequate for birds than people (Appleton, 2005;Simões et al, 2017). The main objective of this work is to present a procedure for the derivation of fragility functions and to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of such tall URM buildings in Lisbon.…”

Seismic Assessment and Strengthening of Urm and Mixed Masonry-Rc Buildings in Lisbon, Portugal

“…The thickness of the walls decreases by changing the orientation of the bricks and, on the top floors, these were often replaced by light timber partition walls. Architectonical and structural features of these masonry buildings are described in detail in [4]. The proliferation in Lisbon of the use of reinforced concrete in the construction was developed throughout the first half of the 20th century.…”

“…In these procedures (Figure 3, right), the definition of the rational range of variation of the materials mechanical properties followed the same routine: (i) firstly, given the absence of a database for Lisbon, the values proposed in the Italian Code [8] were used as a starting point; (ii) then, the results obtained by the in situ and laboratory experimental campaigns, addressed to characterize the materials in Lisbon old buildings, were collected; (iii) finally, a Bayesian approach was followed and an interval of possible values was proposed for different types of materials [4] [5].…”