Arching Action Theory of Masonry Walls

McDowell, E. L.; McKee, Keith E.; Sevin, Eugene

doi:10.1061/jsdeag.0000019

Cited by 102 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…However, experiments [13][14][15][16] showed that membrane forces appear in the wall due to deformation of the wall after cracking, thus proving that the arching action is a predominant resisting mechanism. McDowell et al (1956a,b) [11,12] were the first to propose calculation of out-of-plane capacity of masonry walls considering one-way arching action. Instead of flexural or tensile strengths which were used in preceding approaches, they incorporated compressive strength of masonry into their formulation.…”

Section: Summary Of Analytical Approaches Estimating Out-of-plane Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other side, the performance of infilled frames under out-of-plane seismic loading component was the subject of significantly smaller number of experimental researches. In one of the first experimental investigations on out-of-plane behaviour of URM walls conducted by McDowell et al (1956a,b) [11,12], the important arching action or arching effect was discovered. Further experimental studies on out-of-plane response of masonry infills were carried out by Dawe and Seah (1989b) [13], Angel et al (1994) [14], Flanagan and Bennett (1999b) [15] and Di [16], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of Behaviour of Masonry Infilled Rc Frames Under Out-of-Plane Loading

Milijaš¹,

Šakić²,

Marinković³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20 th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results.

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Section: Summary Of Analytical Approaches Estimating Out-of-plane Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Behaviour of Masonry Infilled Rc Frames Under Out-of-Plane Loading

Milijaš¹,

Šakić²,

Marinković³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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show abstract

“…The second approach is based on the observation that the arching effect develops in a wall provided that surrounding elements are able to resist thrust. In the one-way arching model, the collapse is associated to a three-hinge mechanism (Figure 1b), which is usually activated along the shorter dimension, and the collapse load depends on the masonry compressive strength and on the wall slenderness [28]. When the infill is restrained at four edges, a twoway arching action may develop, thus increasing the OOP strength [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Out-of-Plane Strength of Masonry Infills According to Ec6

Liberatore¹

2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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In the last decades the attention to the out-of-plane response of infills has been increasingly growing due to their influence on the global seismic behaviour of frame structures. In order to assess their out-of-plane capacity, different approaches have been proposed, such as those based on the arching effect and on the yield-line theory. Both methods are implemented in Eurocode 6 for masonry structures. The first approach is based on the observation that an arching effect develops in a wall provided that surrounding elements are able to resist thrust. The second approach consists in defining a kinematically admissible mechanism (yield-line mechanism) and calculating the limit load by equating the internal and external works. This method was implemented in Eurocode 6 (EC6) as well as in other codes by means of coefficients, which depend on the orthogonal ratio of the masonry flexural strengths, the degree of fixity at the edges of the wall and the wall aspect ratio. The suitability of the methods proposed in EC6 is investigated herein for masonry infills through comparison with experimental tests. It is found that, considering the second approach, the results are, on the average, conservative, contrary to the assumption that the method should provide an upper bound of the resistance.

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“…It should be also observed that infills with moderate-to-low slenderness and well restrained at the sides, can develop significant resistance and displacement capacity because of the arching mechanism and two-way bending effect which develops under out-of-plane actions. Several studies addressed specifically out-of-plane resisting mechanism [1,4,5,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], developing different formulations estimating OOP resistance to perform safety checks [1,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although starting from similar theoretical consideration, results provided by these models are often conflicting [24], giving the impression that some of them are more reliable in some cases and less in others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Formulation of the Out-of-Plane Resistance of Infilled Frames

Trapani¹,

Vizzino²,

Tomaselli³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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The assessment of out-of-plane resistance of infilled frames is an issue of primary importance, in fact, post-earthquake damage observations have shown that infills subject to combined inplane and out-of-plane inertial forces may fail out-of-plane. This collapse mode results particularly dangerous for the safety of people in the proximity area of a building subject to earthquake loads. Therefore, the possibility to perform accurate safety evaluations is fundamental to prevent this kind of failures. Available expressions for the evaluation of out-ofplane resistance of infilled frames are based on too restricted or too large datasets of experimental investigations. Because of this, such expressions are many times conflicting, showing good reliability in some cases and less in others. In order to fill this gap, this paper proposes a new data-driven empirical expression estimating OOP resistance of infilled frames. This expression is based on hybrid data-set, merging experimental data with data from numerical simulations obtained from a refined FE micro-model. The new expression has the advantage to take into account both the aspect ratio of the infilled frame, the influence of vertical loads and the mode of application of the OOP load. Validation tests are finally carried out against experimental and numerical specimens.

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Arching Action Theory of Masonry Walls

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Investigation of Behaviour of Masonry Infilled Rc Frames Under Out-of-Plane Loading

Experimental Investigation of Behaviour of Masonry Infilled Rc Frames Under Out-of-Plane Loading

Assessment of Out-of-Plane Strength of Masonry Infills According to Ec6

Empirical Formulation of the Out-of-Plane Resistance of Infilled Frames

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