Archaeperidinium saanichi sp. nov.: A new species based on morphological variation of cyst and theca within the Archaeperidinium minutum Jörgensen 1912 species complex

Cyst–theca relationship and phylogenetic positions ofProtoperidinium(Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) species of the sectionsConicaandTabulata, with description ofProtoperidinium shanghaiensesp. nov.

“…On the other hand, phylogenetic analyses of Protoperidinium and related species were conducted based on small subunit or large subunit sequences only (Yamaguchi et al 2006;Mertens et al 2012;Potvin et al 2013). Molecular trees can be improved by concatenation of molecular sequence data (Hoppenrath & Leander 2010;Orr et al 2012), which should be applied to further resolve the relationship between Protoperidinium species.…”

“…Protoperidinium and Archaeperidinium with a transitional plate generally have a saphopylic or theropylic 2a archeopyles, respectively (Harland 1982;Ribeiro et al 2010;Mertens et al 2012); whereas, those Protoperidinium species without a transitional plate have a compound archeopyle involving 2 0 -4 0 (Lewis & Dodge 1987;Kawami & Matsuoka 2009;Kawami et al 2009;Mertens et al 2013;Liu et al 2014). Cyst morphology can be diverse and is used to classify cysts within various cyst genera, e.g.…”

A determination key for modern dinoflagellate cysts

“…Moreover, during the last decade, the number of new dinoflagellate cyst species described from late Quaternary sediments has steadily increased due to expansion to new regions (especially in coastal areas, e.g. Marret & de Vernal 1997;Zonneveld 1997;Verleye et al 2007;Price & Pospelova 2014), improvements in cyst extraction techniques (Mertens et al 2012a) and new analytical techniques in phycological studies (Kawami et al 2009;Ribeiro et al 2010;Mertens et al 2012b). This key is the first algorithm for dinoflagellate cyst species identification designed as a help tool, especially for inexperienced researchers in the field.…”

Operational taxonomy and (paleo-)autecology of round, brown, spiny dinoflagellate cysts from the Quaternary of high northern latitudes

“…This is the case for specimens informally designated as "round brown spiny cysts" (RBSCs), which represent brown cysts with a spherical central body bearing numerous non-tabular spines (processes) distributed more or less randomly. The motile-stage counterparts of RBSCs are still poorly documented although some work on genetics and cyst-theca relationships have shown that RBSCs are produced by Archaeperidinium saanichi (Mertens et al, 2012), Oblea acanthocysta (Kawami et al, 2006), Polykrikos hartmannii (Matsuoka and Fukuyo, 1986), "Protoperidinium canadiensis" (Potvin et al, 2010), Protoperidinium minutum (Ribeiro et al, 2010), Protoperidinium monospinum (Zonneveld and Dale, 1994), and Protoperidinium tricingulatum (Kawami et al, 2009).…”