Archaeology: The Key Concepts

Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul G.

doi:10.4324/9780203491096

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 341 publications

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“…Coastal environments and marine resources were an important factor in Neolithic development, notably because they presented an apparent resilience to climatic variations. The explanation of cultural changes under climato-environmental constraints has been the subject of numerous academic debates, particularly since the advent of the processual approach (Binford & Binford, 1968;Cleuziou & Tosi, 2000;Renfrew & Bahn, 2013) and the recent theorisation of a deterministic explanation of cultural changes (Clare et al, 2008;Cullen et al, 2000;Weiss et al, 1993), which have recently been modulated by hypotheses favouring more societal adaptation and bifurcation processes (Berger & Guilaine, 2009). Several archaeology-related studies have since been dedicated to the production of specific data on societal vulnerability and adaptation during the early-mid-Holocene (Berger et al, 2016;Borrell, Junno, & Barceló, 2015;Flohr et al, 2016).…”

Section: Coastal Archaeology Context and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

First contribution of the excavation and chronostratigraphic study of the Ruways 1 Neolithic shell midden (Oman) in terms of Neolithisation, palaeoeconomy, social‐environmental interactions and site formation processes

Berger

Guilbert-Berger

Marrast

et al. 2019

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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The NeoArabia project tries to understand how environmental, social, economic and technological factors work in concert to influence settlement and abandonment along a latitudinal transect of 1200 km from UAE to southern Oman. This region was affected by wide north-south variations in the Indo-Arabian monsoon, marine upwelling activity and eustatic variations in the Mid-Holocene. On the local settlement scale, this transect is based on fine stratigraphic excavations and permits the reconstruction of the site formation processes and site catchment analysis. A large number of studies have been conducted on the Ruways-1 site, focusing on a deep stratified sequence corresponding to three millennia of occupation. These studies include on-site climate-environmental signal analysis, local palaeogeography and environmental reconstruction, reservoir effect studies, typo-technological studies, palaeoeconomic strategies, anthropological studies, sclerochronological studies and, finally, site formation processes, the understanding of which makes it possible to explain the potential and limits of the archaeological excavation. The first results confirm the richness of these archaeological archives for documenting the socio-environmental dynamics, but also the richness of its complex sedimentary structure and the importance of conducting fine and multidisciplinary excavations to answer questions about the rhythms and functions of occupations and the causalities of socioenvironmental changes. K E Y W O R D S Coastal Neolithic, geoarcheology, shell midden, site catchment, site formation processes, Sultanate of Oman F I G U R E 8 (a) Map of the Ruways micro-region with the proposed Neolithic extension of a wide open lagoon with mangrove ecosystems (in purple) and the two khors situated on each side of the current village of Ruways, with the position of the four geological cores (yellow stars) and the RWY-1 site (orange area). (b) Electrical resistivity tomography section of the current sabkha located in the western part of the RWY-1 site, with the main superficial sedimentary formations and the location of core 4. (c) Lithological sequence of core 4 with the radiocarbon dating series on shells in BP and in cal. yr BC age [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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Section: Coastal Archaeology Context and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

First contribution of the excavation and chronostratigraphic study of the Ruways 1 Neolithic shell midden (Oman) in terms of Neolithisation, palaeoeconomy, social‐environmental interactions and site formation processes

Berger

Guilbert-Berger

Marrast

et al. 2019

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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“…As an example, let us examine archaeology and conservation. Archaeology science refers to the scientific excavation, study, interpretation, and virtual reconstitution of material human remains and relevant human activity, while conservation science refers to studies and actions aiming to preserve tangible CH in the best possible condition for future generations [3,4]. While these two disciplines have different scopes and methods, it is common knowledge that they benefit from exchanging their scientific findings in order to reach more efficient conclusions.…”

Section: Identifying Disciplines and Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic Bridging of Cultural Heritage Disciplines and Tasks

et al. 2019

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The Cultural Heritage (CH) domain encompasses a wide range of different disciplines, serving the study, interpretation, curation, and preservation of objects, collections, archives, sites, and the dissemination of related knowledge. In this context, stakeholders generate, retrieve, and share a vast amount of diverse information. Therefore, information interoperability has been considered a crucial task, especially in terms of semantics. In this way, the CIDOC CRM (International Committee for Documentation Conceptual Reference Model) has been widely used as an underlying model that offers interoperability between CH domain metadata standards and ontologies. To the best of our knowledge, an overall review of mapping, merging, and extending this core ontology, as well as an aggregate table which classifies and correlates those ontologies and standards, has not yet been presented. Our study conducts an aggregate review of relevant published efforts and outlines the various associations between them, encapsulating the CIDOC CRM and its specialized models, as well. This work aims to further clarify the field and scope of the different works, identify their methods, and highlight the semantic overlap, or differences, between them.

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“…Based on attitude of Toynbee, as long as community responds to challenges it can grow and survive but if it fails to do this task, demolition and fall starts for it [27]. Some experts believe that Roman Empire collapsed due to failure in reaction to internal challenges and external enemies [23]. Civilizations start from a point and gradually reach to the peak point and then fall down and diminish or pause.…”

Section: Theories and Approaches Of Various Schools About Fall And Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archeologists use term of collapse to describe communities that have been quickly simplified i.e. a model in which cities and villages are depopulated and population mass are reduced [23]. Many theories have been posited as an effort to explain collapse where it has been referred to some them in the following.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Archaeology of Collapse in Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia at During the Iron Age

Mirzaei¹,

Ataei²,

Alizadeh³

et al. 2016

IJA

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Knowledge, analysis and review of rise and fall of civilizations are one of the equivocal and tremendous topics with which the experts have dealt. Those factors that may influence in collapse of human communities are as follows: Human, economic, social, cultural and environmental factors. In some cases, natural disasters such as tsunami, earthquake, wide fire, and climatic changes and also on some occasions other factors including military invasion, attacks by barbarian and wild tribes, oppression of owners of power as well as civil revolts and ethnic-tribal problems may lead to civilization collapse. Iron Age covers time period (1500-500BC) in Iranian archeology when human could extract iron metal and use it from more production, the sites in Iron Age have been formed by production of grey potteries and use of iron-made tools. The present essay is intended to give answer to this effective question by means of descriptive-analytical method that at what scale the influential factors have occurred and how collapse and destruction took place in areas of Azerbaijan during Iron Age (Northwest of Iran and Eastern Anatolia). The results of this study show that the large areas such as Hasanlu, Dinkha Tepe, and Bastam and even regions of monarchical government of Urartian Empire in Eastern Turkey (Ayanis, Norshun-Tepe, Kayalıdere, Altıntepe, Yoncatepe and so on) have been demolished due to sudden accident and conflagration during this period and they have been diminished from scene of time.

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Archaeology: The Key Concepts

Cited by 27 publications

References 341 publications

First contribution of the excavation and chronostratigraphic study of the Ruways 1 Neolithic shell midden (Oman) in terms of Neolithisation, palaeoeconomy, social‐environmental interactions and site formation processes

First contribution of the excavation and chronostratigraphic study of the Ruways 1 Neolithic shell midden (Oman) in terms of Neolithisation, palaeoeconomy, social‐environmental interactions and site formation processes

Semantic Bridging of Cultural Heritage Disciplines and Tasks

The Archaeology of Collapse in Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia at During the Iron Age

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