Archaeological Survey of Zanzibar

Horton, Mark; Clark, Catherine

doi:10.1080/00672708509511362

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Given the fact that tombs could have been reused in subsequent periods, as at Songo Mnara (Fleisher 2013) and that excavations have not always yielded suitable material for reliable dating, it is possible that, especially for older research, the established dates are not accurate. Nonetheless, it is apparent that once the Swahili started building tombs, the variety in their appearance, including pillar tombs, seems to have increased rather rapidly within a century or two, and they remained in fashion throughout the 'golden era' of Swahili stone building up to the 16th century on sites from Somalia to Tanzania (Chittick 1963;Kirkman 1964;Chittick 1970;Sanseverino 1983;Horton and Clark 1985).…”

Section: The Urban Dead and Tombs In The Swahili Urban Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tombs could be classified as monumental as they must have stood out in their cultural context among the majority of graves (for comparison see Hildebrand 2013: 160), and exceeded their 'practical' function in scale and elaboration (Trigger 1990: 119), although investing in building a tomb might have been a social necessity with very tangible implications for the living. Kirkman (1960Kirkman ( , 1974, Gensheimer (2012), Wilson (1980: 111) Yes At Chwaka the most important Finds: pottery Kirkman (1974), Horton and Clark (1985) Yes (1 with conical dome)…”

Section: Characteristics Of Tombs On the Swahili Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pillar Tombs and the City: Creating a Sense of Shared Identity in Swahili Urban Space

Baumanová

2018

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This paper reviews published research on Swahili pillar tombs, as a specific type of tombs built of stone, by summarising records on almost fifty sites on the east coast of Africa. Dated to the 13th-16th centuries AD, the pillar tombs represented a core component of Swahili urban space. By considering their spatial setting, characteristics and comparative case studies from Africa and the Indian Ocean world, the paper reconsiders how pillar tombs might have functioned as a type of material infrastructure for creating social ties and notions of shared identity in a society that has never formally united. ________________________________________________________________ Résumé: Le présent article revoit des données de recherche publiées sur les tombes à pilier swahili, un type de tombes en pierre précis, en dressant un résumé des registres portant sur près de 50 sites de la cô te Est de l'Afrique. Datant du 13 e au 16 e siècle de notre ère, les tombes à pilier représentaient un élément fondamental de l'espace urbain de la culture swahili. En tenant compte de leur environnement spatial, leurs caractéristiques et d'études de cas comparatives provenant d'Afrique et de l'Océan Indien, l'article revoit comment ces tombes auraient pu jouer le rô le d'infrastructure matérielle permettant de créer des liens sociaux et des notions d'identité commune dans une société jamais formellement unifiée. ________________________________________________________________ Resumen: Este artículo revisa investigaciones publicadas sobre las tumbas suajili en forma de pilar, como un tipo específico de tumbas construidas de piedra, resumiendo los registros de casi cincuenta sitios de la costa oriental de Á frica. Fechadas de los siglos XIII al XVI, las tumbas en forma de pilar representaban un componente central del espacio urbano suajili. Al considerar su arreglo espacial, sus características y estudios comparativos de casos de Á frica y del mundo del Océano I´ndico, el artículo reconsidera có mo las tumbas en forma de pilar podrían haber funcionado como un tipo RESEARCH

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Section: The Urban Dead and Tombs In The Swahili Urban Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Tombs On the Swahili Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pillar Tombs and the City: Creating a Sense of Shared Identity in Swahili Urban Space

Baumanová

2018

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“…This spit formed an almost complete bar apart from a northerly breach resulting in the formation of a lagoon to the east. The dating of the formation of the spit is unknown but must have been significantly established by the 13th century, with archaeological evidence pointing to the existence of a settlement on the seaward side of the coastal feature (Horton and Clark, ). In 1509 Duarte Barbosa describes the islands as ‘inhabited by Moors’ and very fertile with their own kings and having ‘small vessels, very loosely and badly made; all their planks are sewn together with cords of reed or matting and their sails are palm mats’ (Pearce, : 64).…”

Section: Economic and Waterfront Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Maritime Archaeological Survey of Stonetown, Zanzibar

Breen¹,

Forsythe²,

Rhodes

2016

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology

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“…13). Examples are Gezira (Chittick 1969, 117), Mkadini (Chittick 1975), Unguja Ukuu and Mkokotoni on Zanzibar (Horton and Clark 1985), Kisimani Mafia (Chittick 1961), Kilwa (Chittick 1974), Old Sima, Dembeni and Mbashile on the Comoro Islands, where it is known as Dembani phase (Wright 1984;Allibert 1987), Irodo (Verin 1975) and Chibuene (Sinclair 1982). All these sites lie close to the shore and contain a very similar range of glazed imports to those at Manda and Shanga.…”

Section: The African Context Of the Lamu Archipelagomentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Muslim Trading Settlements on the East African Coast: New Evidence from Shanga

Horton¹

1987

Antiq. J.

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Much archaeological and historical research has recently been devoted to the study of the early Swahili communities inhabiting the East African coast during the late first millennium a.d. The practice of Islam can be shown to date back to perhaps the beginning of the ninth century from when the first mosques have been excavated. The economic importance of East Africa for the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean world is apparent from the wealth of imports and exports found in a large number of these coastal sites. African trading systems brought to medieval society high-value commodities ranging from gold, rock crystal and ivory, to slaves and timber. The items were carried across large distances sea by traders following the seasonal monsoon system around the coasts and across the Indian Ocean. is argued that the trading settlements were African in culture and origin, but then attracted Muslims who were responsible for occasional local converts from a very early period in the history of Islam.

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Archaeological Survey of Zanzibar

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Pillar Tombs and the City: Creating a Sense of Shared Identity in Swahili Urban Space

Pillar Tombs and the City: Creating a Sense of Shared Identity in Swahili Urban Space

A Maritime Archaeological Survey of Stonetown, Zanzibar

Early Muslim Trading Settlements on the East African Coast: New Evidence from Shanga

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