Archaebacterial lipid models. Highly thermostable membranes from 1,1'-(1,32-dotriacontamethylene)-bis(2-phytanyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)

Yamauchi, Kiyoshi; Sakamoto, Y.; Moriya, Atsushi; Yamada, Katsu; Hosokawa, Toshihito; Higuchi, Taiichi; Kinoshita, Masayoshi

doi:10.1021/ja00164a047

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Although relatively small phase transitions have been identified for a variety of purified archaeols and caldarchaeols, because their thermal behavior is dominated by the core isopranyl chains it is likely that most archaeal lipids are in the fluid state above 0ЊC and certainly at growth temperatures (16). The absence of a major phase transition over the growth temperature range could prove advantageous, for one theory speculates that microbial viability in extreme environments may be enhanced by membrane stability over broad temperature and pressure ranges (18 (30). The EPR data for the model M. jannaschii core lipid system indicate that while increased temperature increased membrane fluidity, the application of high pressure reduced membrane fluidity for all temperatures tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure effects on the composition and thermal behavior of lipids from the deep-sea thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii

Kaneshiro

Clark

1995

J Bacteriol

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The deep-sea archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii was grown at 86؇C and under 8, 250, and 500 atm (1 atm ‫؍‬ 101.29 kPa) of hyperbaric pressure in a high-pressure, high-temperature bioreactor. The core lipid composition of cultures grown at 250 or 500 atm, as analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography, exhibited an increased proportion of macrocyclic archaeol and corresponding reductions in archaeol and caldarchaeol compared with the 8-atm cultures. Thermal analysis of a model core-lipid system (23% archaeol, 37% macrocyclic archaeol, and 40% caldarchaeol) using differential scanning calorimetry revealed no well-defined phase transition in the temperature range of 20 to 120؇C. Complementary studies of spin-labeled samples under 10 and 500 atm in a special high-pressure, high-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy cell supported the differential scanning calorimetry phase transition data and established that pressure has a lipid-ordering effect over the full range of M. jannaschii's growth temperatures. Specifically, pressure shifted the temperature dependence of lipid fluidity by ca. 10؇C/500 atm.For archaea to flourish in the extreme environments that many inhabit, normal membrane structure and function must be preserved. Preservation of membrane function may derive partly from the unique physical structures of archaeal lipids, which differ greatly from those of their eubacterial counterparts (7,(16)(17)(18). In contrast to the straight or minimally branched, mostly unsaturated fatty acids of variable lengths found in eubacteria, archaeal apolar chains are based on saturated isopranoid alcohols typically containing 20 or 40 carbon atoms. These isopranyl chains are connected to a glycerol (or more rarely, a complex polyol) head group by ether bonds, not the fatty acid ester bonds common to eubacteria. Moreover, the stereochemistry of these ether lipids (D or sn-2,3) is opposite to that seen in eubacteria (L or sn-1,2). Some archaea also possess bilayer-spanning tetraether lipids, in which a pair of biphytanyl-based chains are linked to two glycerol moieties via ether bonds. In total, the structural differences are pronounced enough to raise the question of whether archaeal lipids respond differently to temperature and pressure than do eubacterial lipids, thus contributing to microbial viability under extreme conditions.Given that eubacterial thermophiles and barophiles do exist (6), the unique structural features of archaeal lipids are not necessarily required for retention of membrane structure and function at elevated temperatures and pressures. However, considering the abundance of archaea and relative scarcity of eubacteria at the outer regions of the pressure-temperature envelope at which life is known to exist, many archaea appear to possess an intrinsic capacity for thermophilic and barophilic behavior.To adapt to moderate fluctuations in temperature, virtually all eubacteria can maintain optimal membrane fluidity by modulating their lipid composition in a process termed homeoviscous ad...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure effects on the composition and thermal behavior of lipids from the deep-sea thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii

Kaneshiro

Clark

1995

J Bacteriol

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“…Certain physicochemical properties of membranes made of isopranoid ether lipids might give an advantage to archaeal organisms. For example, a chemically synthesized model lipid with phytanyl chains which mimicked archaeal tetraether lipids shows a greater ability than ester lipids and diether lipids to retain low-and high-molecular-weight compounds inside the vesicles at high temperatures (108). If it is assumed that a low rate of leakage is an important property of biological membranes, it may be concluded that isopranoid tetraether lipids have a thermophilic or thermostable property that allows thermophilic organisms to grow at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Speculation About the Significance Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ether polar lipids of methanogenic bacteria: structures, comparative aspects, and biosyntheses.

Koga¹,

Nishihara²,

Morii³

et al. 1993

Microbiological Reviews

219

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“…A similar result was reported by Yamauchi et al; water h A results obtained from the surfaces of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s with various alkyl side chain lengths show that water h A s of the polymers with well ordered longer side chains which form a crystalline structure at room temperature were lower than those of some polymers in a melt state (T m < room temperature). The origin of this phenomenon is unclear, but presumably ascribed to a fluid liquid crystalline state similar with the case of liposomal membranes composed of the archaeal phospholipids with phytanyl groups [51][52][53][54]. However, the results of nhexadecane h A s do not obey this trend.…”

Section: Xps Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

Surface properties and liquid crystal alignment behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) derivatives with alkyl ester side chains

Sohn

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Archaebacterial lipid models. Highly thermostable membranes from 1,1'-(1,32-dotriacontamethylene)-bis(2-phytanyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Pressure effects on the composition and thermal behavior of lipids from the deep-sea thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii

Pressure effects on the composition and thermal behavior of lipids from the deep-sea thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii

Ether polar lipids of methanogenic bacteria: structures, comparative aspects, and biosyntheses.

Surface properties and liquid crystal alignment behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) derivatives with alkyl ester side chains

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