ARC: An open-source library for calculating properties of alkali Rydberg atoms

Šibalić, Nikola; Pritchard, Jonathan D.; Adams, Charles S.; Weatherill, Kevin J.

doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2017.06.015

Cited by 289 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The large electric dipole moment of atoms excited to Rydberg states leads to strong dipole-dipole interactions between them [54][55][56], even for atoms separated by micrometer-large distances as in the lattices and arrays described above. Two types of interaction naturally occur between two Rydberg atoms (see Box 2).…”

Section: Interactions Between Rydberg Atoms and Mapping Onto Spinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Many-body physics with individually controlled Rydberg atoms

2020

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Over the last decade, systems of individually-controlled neutral atoms, interacting with each other when excited to Rydberg states, have emerged as a promising platform for quantum simulation of many-body problems, in particular spin systems. Here, we review the techniques underlying quantum gas microscopes and arrays of optical tweezers used in these experiments, explain how the different types of interactions between Rydberg atoms allow a natural mapping onto various quantum spin models, and describe recent results that were obtained with this platform to study quantum many-body physics. I. MANY-BODY PHYSICS WITH SYNTHETIC MATTERMany-body physics is the field that studies the behavior of ensembles of interacting quantum particles. This is a broad area encompassing almost all condensed matter physics, but also nuclear and high-energy physics. Despite the immense successes obtained over the last decades, many phenomena observed experimentally still do not have a fully satisfactory explanation. At the origin of the difficulty lies the exponential scaling of the size of the Hilbert space with the number of interacting particles. In practice, the best known ab-initio methods allow calculating the evolution of less than 50 particles. To investigate relevant questions involving a much larger number of particles (after all even 1 mg of usual matter contains already 10 18 atoms!), one must rely on approximations, and the art of solving the many-body problem largely relies on mastering them. However, using approximations is not always possible and it may be hard to assess their range of validity. One approach to move forward was suggested by Richard Feynman [1] and consists in building a synthetic quantum system in the lab, implementing a model of interest for which no other way to solve it is known. The model may be an approximate description of a real material, but it can also be a purely abstract one. In this case, its implementation leads to the construction of an artificial many-body system, which becomes an object of study in its own. One appealing feature of this approach is the ability to vary the parameters of the model in ranges inaccessible otherwise, thus providing a way to better understand their respective influence. For example, if one is interested in the influence of interatomic interactions on the phase of a given system, synthetic systems become interesting as they allow varying their strength in a way which is usually impossible in real materials. The approach introduced by Feynman is usually referred to as quantum simulation [2, 3], but it can be viewed more generally as exploring many-body physics with synthetic systems: in the same way chemists design new materials exhibiting interesting properties (such as magnetism, superconductivity. . . ), physicists assemble artificial systems and study their properties, with the hope to observe new phenomena.For a long time, this idea remained theoretical as the experimental control over quantum objects was not advanced enough. The situation changed radically...

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Section: Interactions Between Rydberg Atoms and Mapping Onto Spinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, online calculators are now available to compute the interactions in all regimes, including in the presence of external electric and magnetic fields [55,56]. Figure B2 | Interactions between Rydberg atoms.…”

Section: Box 2 | Interactions Between Rydberg Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Many-body physics with individually controlled Rydberg atoms

2020

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“…where perturbation potential V from the RF field is periodic in time such that V (t + τ ) = V (t) (ω RF τ = 2π) and the bare atomic Hamiltonian H 0 has eigenfunctions such that H 0 |α = E 0 α |α , β|α = δ αβ . The precise numerical values for the energy levels (H 0 ) and dipole moments (V ) are found using numerical integration as provided by the Alkali-Rydberg-Calculator (ARC) Python package [43].…”

Section: A Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Rydberg atoms for wideband electric field sensing

Meyer

Castillo

Cox

et al. 2020

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Rydberg atoms have attracted significant interest recently as electric field sensors. In order to assess potential applications, detailed understanding of relevant figures of merit is necessary, particularly in relation to other, more mature, sensor technologies. Here we present a quantitative analysis of the Rydberg sensor's sensitivity to oscillating electric fields with frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 THz. Sensitivity is calculated using a combination of analytical and semi-classical Floquet models. Using these models, optimal sensitivity at arbitrary field frequency is determined. We validate the numeric Floquet model via experimental Rydberg sensor measurements over a range of 1-20 GHz. Using analytical models, we compare with two prominent electric field sensor technologies: electro-optic crystals and dipole antenna-coupled passive electronics.

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“…Properties of the most important decay products |i = |nL J of the 28D 5/2 state, which itself has a (BBR included) lifetime of 15.2 µs. All cited lifetimes τ i , branching ratios b i , and transition rates include BBR at 300 K. The cited dipole-dipole interaction coefficient C 3 is the root-mean-square value obtained after calculating it for several angles using [19], see the main text for more details. For comparison, the 5P 3/2 state is listed as well; its dipole-dipole interaction is, of course, negligible, and it does not contribute to the dephasing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between van der Waals and dipole–dipole interactions among Rydberg atoms

Hond

Cisternas

Spreeuw

et al. 2020

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Coherently manipulating Rydberg atoms in mesoscopic systems has proven challenging due to the unwanted population of nearby Rydberg levels by black-body radiation. Recently, there have been some efforts towards understanding these effects using states with a low principal quantum number that only have resonant dipole-dipole interactions. We perform experiments that exhibit black-body-induced dipole-dipole interactions for a state that also has a significant van der Waals interaction. Using an enhanced rate-equation model that captures some of the long-range properties of the dipolar interaction, we show that the initial degree of Rydberg excitation is dominated by the van der Waals interaction, while the observed linewidth at later times is dominated by the dipole-dipole interaction. We also point out some prospects for quantum simulation. ‡ Present address:

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ARC: An open-source library for calculating properties of alkali Rydberg atoms

Cited by 289 publications

References 59 publications

Many-body physics with individually controlled Rydberg atoms

Many-body physics with individually controlled Rydberg atoms

Assessment of Rydberg atoms for wideband electric field sensing

Interplay between van der Waals and dipole–dipole interactions among Rydberg atoms

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