Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Plants Colonizing Coal Wastes in Scotland

Abstract

SUMMARYAll the grasses and nearly all the dicotyledonous plants growing on three coal tips in Scotland were infected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Infection levels ranged from 20 to 90%. Three main types of fungal endophytes were identified, two being Endogone spp. and one with very narrow hyphae. Mixed infections were present in some plants and there was some evidence that the endophytes occurred in different areas of the tips. The ecological importance of the mycorrhizas in these habitats is discussed.

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em rizosferas de plantas do litoral arenoso do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, Brasil: 2

“…Trabalhos diversos relatam a participação decisiva e positiva dos fMA na fixação de dunas (Koske 1981, Koske & Polson 1984, na recomposição de vegetação de áreas sujeitas a secas (Allen & Boosalis 1983) ou submetidas a impactos ambientais diversos, tais como chuvas ácidas (Killham & Firestone 1983), depósito de metais pasados (Gildon & Tinker 1983a, 1983b, deslizamentos (Sylvia & WiIl1988), áreas de mineração (Daft & Nicolson 1974), entre outros O estudo de fMA sob vegetação nativa em áreas preservadas fornece dados sobre a biologia e a ecologia desses organismos em áreas de menor interferência antrópica, oferecendo subsídios para seu manejo em outras situações.…”

A Field Survey of Mycorrhizal Associations in Ferns of Pakistan

“…Appearance or absence of vesicles and arbuscules depends on the host; and the presence of arbuscules and absence of vesicles is not unusual for VA endophyte (Daft and Nicolson, 1974).…”

Effects of fire management of southwestern natural resources

“…Without this symbiosis many plants fail to grow past the germination stage or show a decreased growth rate , Masse 1973. Many studies have shown that this relationship is fragile and can be easily disturbed (Bethlenfalvy and Dakessian 1984, Daft and Nicolson 1974. These studies show that as the severity of disturbance increases, i.e., from livestock grazing (Bethlenfalvy andDakessian 1984, Reece and to surface mining , there is a corresponding decrease in the frequency of V AM propagules and/ or colonization.…”