Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhances salinity tolerance ofPanicum turgidumForssk by altering photosynthetic and antioxidant pathways

Abstract

Present experiments were conducted to assess the response of Panicum turgidum to salinity and possible role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing the salt tolerance. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and compatible solutes were increased by salt stress and were further enhanced by AMF inoculation. Hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde content increased in salt-stressed plants while a reduction was observed due to AMF inoculation. Salt-stressed plants showed higher activities of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase as compared to control and AMF-inoculated plants. Salt stress caused significant decrease in phosphorous, potassium and calcium uptake but an increase in sodium uptake was observed. AMF alleviate salinityinduced negative impact on the plant growth and nutrient uptake by reducing the oxidative damage through strengthening of the antioxidant system.

The Impact of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Physiological Parameters of Cowpea Plants Grown under Salt Stress Conditions

“…These inhibitory effects are in agreement with Hashem et al (2015). The reasons may be the nonavailability of nutrients and the expenditure of energy to counteract the toxic effects of NaCl (Siddiqui et al, 2009).…”

“…Also with AMF inoculation further increase in their activities occured (Table 5). Increased their activities help plants to maintain the ROS levels below to their deleterious levels and mediate quick removal of toxic ROS so that metabolism remains stable (Abd-Allah et al, 2015). …”

“…But it was clearly that with AMF inoculation, MDA content was significantly lower than those in non-AM plants. This may be due to the substantial increase in antioxidant activities in AM plants leading less lipid peroxidation where antioxidants scavenges the radical production before reacting with the membrane lipids and minimize the lipid peroxidation (Hashem et al, 2015). Fig.…”

“…This may be due to the enhancement in the activity of proline synthesizing enzymes and reduction in catabolizing ones or its restricted incorporation during protein synthesis. Proline help in maintaining the water balance of plants so that the stress-induced ravage is allayed (Hashem et al, 2015). Proline influences protein turn over and directly regulates stress protective proteins.…”

COINOCULATION WITH Bradyrhizobium AND Trichoderma ALLEVIATES THE EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS IN COWPEA

“…According to Egamberdieva et al (2017), increased proline contents in chickpea coinoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri and Bacillus subtilis, compared to uninoculated plants, indicating an alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress. A compatible osmolyte such as proline, glycine, or betaine plays an important role in plant tolerance to stress factors through osmotic adjustment (HASHEM et al, 2015).…”