I. Present-day Targum Studies in Poland.Polish Translations of the Targums 1T he Targum studies in Poland of the last decade resulted in two major projects related to the process of translation of the Targums into Polish. Both were initiated and are still carried out in two academic centres, namely in the cities of Warsaw and Lublin. Before presenting the current situation of these projects, the circumstances that directly contributed to both undertakings should be discussed. It primarily needs be noted that from the late 20 th century up till now, Polish biblical scholarship has been witnessing a remarkable development (see Chrostowski -Adamczewski 2021). In fact, especially in the last two decades Polish biblical scholars showed increasing interest in ancient versions of the Holy Scripture, mostly in the Targums and the Septuagint.