“…Its phosphorylation is mediated in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner by the CBL9-CIPK3 module [the CALCINEURIN-B-LIKE 9 calciumbinding protein (CBL9) in complex with the CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (ClPK3)] that controls cold and ABA signal transduction (Kim et al, 2003). This observation fits with the role of ERF111 as an inhibitor of ABA responses during seed germination (Pandey et al, 2005;Sanyal et al, 2017) (Fig. 3).…”
Section: Erf111supporting
confidence: 71%
“…Conversely, overexpression of ERF111 results in a drought-sensitive phenotype, whereas ERF111-knockout mutants display drought tolerance (Fig. 3) (Sanyal et al, 2017). ERF111 transcription appears to be under control of multiple transcriptional regulators, including the ABA-responsive zinc finger transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and the multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1) (Li et al, 2016;Zou et al, 2016).…”
Plants react to wounding through the activation of both defense and repair pathways, but how these two responses are coordinated is unclear. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that diverse members of the subfamily X of the plant-specific ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors coordinate stress signaling with the activation of wound repair mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight the observation that tissue repair is strongly boosted through the formation of a heterodimeric protein complex that comprises ERF and transcription factors of the GRAS domain type. This interaction turns ERFs into highly potent and stress-responsive activators of cell proliferation. The potency to induce stem cell identity suggests that these heterodimeric transcription factor complexes could become valuable tools to increase crop regeneration and transformation efficiency.
“…Its phosphorylation is mediated in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner by the CBL9-CIPK3 module [the CALCINEURIN-B-LIKE 9 calciumbinding protein (CBL9) in complex with the CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (ClPK3)] that controls cold and ABA signal transduction (Kim et al, 2003). This observation fits with the role of ERF111 as an inhibitor of ABA responses during seed germination (Pandey et al, 2005;Sanyal et al, 2017) (Fig. 3).…”
Section: Erf111supporting
confidence: 71%
“…Conversely, overexpression of ERF111 results in a drought-sensitive phenotype, whereas ERF111-knockout mutants display drought tolerance (Fig. 3) (Sanyal et al, 2017). ERF111 transcription appears to be under control of multiple transcriptional regulators, including the ABA-responsive zinc finger transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and the multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1) (Li et al, 2016;Zou et al, 2016).…”
Plants react to wounding through the activation of both defense and repair pathways, but how these two responses are coordinated is unclear. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that diverse members of the subfamily X of the plant-specific ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors coordinate stress signaling with the activation of wound repair mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight the observation that tissue repair is strongly boosted through the formation of a heterodimeric protein complex that comprises ERF and transcription factors of the GRAS domain type. This interaction turns ERFs into highly potent and stress-responsive activators of cell proliferation. The potency to induce stem cell identity suggests that these heterodimeric transcription factor complexes could become valuable tools to increase crop regeneration and transformation efficiency.
“…In apple, an apple CIPK protein kinase, MdCIPK22, targeted a novel residue of AREB transcription factor, Thr411, for ABA-induced phosphorylation, and in the ABA signaling pathway, this was a novel phosphorylation site in the CIPK-AREB regulatory module [66]. In Arabidopsis, abscisic acid repressor 1 (ABR1) was identified as the downstream target of CIPK3, and CIPK3 interacted with ABR1 to regulate ABA response during seed germination [67]. However, how cotton CIPK genes are regulated by these TFs involved in various stresses or plant growth and development remains unknown; this needs to be investigated through the following research using newly developed technologies.…”
Section: Putative Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Of Ghcipks In Cottonmentioning
Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), as key regulators, play an important role in plant growth and development and the response to various stresses. In the present study, we identified 80 and 78 CIPK genes in the Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CIPK genes into five groups which were classified into an exon-rich clade and an exon-poor clade. A synteny analysis showed that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of Gossypium CIPK gene family, and purifying selection played a major role in the evolution of the gene family in cotton. Analyses of expression profiles showed that GhCIPK genes had temporal and spatial specificity and could be induced by various abiotic stresses. Fourteen GhCIPK genes were found to contain 17 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and co-localized with oil or protein content quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Additionally, five SNPs from four GhCIPKs were found to be significantly associated with oil content in one of the three field tests. Although most GhCIPK genes were not associated with natural variations in cotton oil content, the overexpression of the GhCIPK6 gene reduced the oil content and increased C18:1 and C18:1+C18:1d6 in transgenic cotton as compared to wild-type plants. In addition, we predicted the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of the GhCIPK genes. In brief, these results enhance our understanding of the roles of CIPK genes in oil synthesis and stress responses.
“…The Colombia-0 (Col-0) ecotype was used for real-time PCR analysis. Plant growth and RNA isolation were done according to Sanyal et al (2017). Salt, cold, ABA, and drought treatment were performed according to Kim et al (2003).…”
Section: Plant Material Stress Treatment and Expression Analysismentioning
Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are conserved proteins of the mitochondria. We have functionally compared Arabidopsis VDACs using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dpor1 and M3 yeast system. VDAC (1, 2, and 4) were able to restore Dpor1 growth in elevated temperature, in oxidative and salt stresses, whereas VDAC3 only partially rescued Dpor1 in these conditions. The ectopic expression of VDAC (1, 2, 3, and 4) in mutant yeast recapitulated the mitochondrial membrane potential thus, enabled it to maintain reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Overexpression of these VDACs (AtVDACs) in M3 strain did not display any synergistic or antagonistic activity with the native yeast VDAC1 (ScVDAC1). Collectively, our data suggest that Arabidopsis VDACs are involved in regulating respiration, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and stress tolerance in yeast.
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