Aqueous raw and ripe Pu-erh tea extracts alleviate obesity and alter cecal microbiota composition and function in diet-induced obese rats

Xia, Yun; Tan, Donghong; Akbary, Roya; Kong, James; Seviour, Robert J.; Kong, Yunhong

doi:10.1007/s00253-018-09581-2

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Within these, some studies used more than one tea form, with nine focusing on green tea [22,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39] and three black tea [22,33,34] or their associated polyphenols. Two used Pu-er tea/extract [40,41], two Fuzhuan tea [42,43] and two oolong tea [22,44]. A range of methods were used, ranging from simulated gastrointestinal digestion, to murine models and microbiome–metabolome analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding dosage and form, up to 1000 mL green tea daily (equivalent to 4–5 cups) has been associated with improved colonic bacterial profiles, including increased Bifidobacteria [30]. Emerging evidence for black, Pu-erh, Fuzhuan and oolong tea also looks promising, with similar mechanisms being reported—increases in Bacteroidetes and reductions in Firmicute populations [34,38,40,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea Compounds and the Gut Microbiome: Findings from Trials and Mechanistic Studies

Bond¹,

Derbyshire

2019

Nutrients

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In recent years, the gut microbiome has become a focal point of interest with growing recognition that a well-balanced gut microbiota composition is highly relevant to an individual’s health status and well-being. Its profile can be modulated by a number of dietary factors, although few publications have focused on the effects of what we drink. The present review performed a systematic review of trials and mechanistic studies examining the effects of tea consumption, its associated compounds and their effects on the gut microbiome. Registered articles were searched up to 10th September 2019, in the PubMed and Cochrane library databases along with references of original articles. Human trials were graded using the Jadad scale to assess quality. Altogether 24 publications were included in the main review—six were human trials and 18 mechanistic studies. Of these, the largest body of evidence related to green tea with up to 1000 mL daily (4–5 cups) reported to increase proportions of Bifidobacterium. Mechanistic studies also show promise suggesting that black, oolong, Pu-erh and Fuzhuan teas (microbially fermented ‘dark tea’) can modulate microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. These findings appear to support the hypothesis that tea ingestion could favourably regulate the profile of the gut microbiome and help to offset dysbiosis triggered by obesity or high-fat diets. Further well-designed human trials are now required to build on provisional findings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea Compounds and the Gut Microbiome: Findings from Trials and Mechanistic Studies

Bond¹,

Derbyshire

2019

Nutrients

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“…Three murine studies demonstrated the effects of raw and ripe Pu-erh tea in restoring the altered gut microbiota caused by a high-fat diet. Lu et al, 2019 and Xia et al, 2019 showed that Pu-erh tea at a dose between 0.1 to 0.4 g of tea extracts for five to eight weeks effectively increased gut microbiota diversity [65,66]. Gao et al, 2017 found that ripe Pu-erh tea extract and Pu-erh tea polyphenol components increased gut microbiota diversity in the high-fat diet group [75].…”

Section: Pu-erh Tea and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia sinensis sp.) on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies

Khairudin

Jalil

Hussin

2021

Gastroenterology Insights

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A diet high in polyphenols is associated with a diversified gut microbiome. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, after water. The health benefits of tea might be attributed to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., catechins and epicatechins), theaflavins, and tannins. Although many studies have been conducted on tea, little is known of its effects on the trillions of gut microbiota. Hence, this review aimed to systematically study the effect of tea polyphenols on the stimulation or suppression of gut microbiota in humans and animals. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases, and data were extracted from 6 human trials and 15 animal studies. Overall, large variations were observed in terms of microbiota composition between humans and animals. A more consistent pattern of diversified microbiota was observed in animal studies. Tea alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance caused by high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and ultraviolet-induced damage. The overall changes in microbiota composition measured by beta diversity analysis showed that tea had shifted the microbiota from the pattern seen in animals that received tea-free intervention. In humans, a prebiotic-like effect was observed toward the gut microbiota, but these results appeared in lower-quality studies. The beta diversity in human microbiota remains intact despite tea intervention; supplementation with different teas affects different types of bacterial taxa in the gut. These studies suggest that tea polyphenols may have a prebiotic effect in disease-induced animals and in a limited number of human interventions. Further intervention is needed to identify the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of tea on gut microbiota.

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“…DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and Illumina sequencing were carried out according to the protocols described by Kong et al (2017) and Xia et al (2019a) with modifications. Briefly, soil DNA was extracted using a PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (Anbiosci, Shenzhen, China) according to the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Section: Dna Extraction Pcr Amplification and Illumina Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic analyses were carried out according to the methods described by Kong et al (2017) and Xia et al (2019a) with modifications. The V4 amplicons of the 16S rRNA genes and ITS fragments were pair-end assembled and checked using Flash software (Magoc & Salzberg, 2011) to ensure that their sequences matched perfectly with the index sequences, had no more than one mismatch error present in the forward primer sequences, and the trimmed sequences were longer than 200 bp.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and functional profiling of the rhizosphere microbiomes of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora and native plants

Xia

Dong

et al. 2021

PeerJ

Self Cite

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The rhizosphere soil microbiome (RSM) plays an important role in the nutritional metabolism of the exotic weed Ageratina adenophora. However, our understanding of the composition and metabolic activity of this microbiome is limited. We used high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer fragments in combination with transcriptome analysis to compare the composition and metabolic features of the RSMs of A. adenophora and the native plant species Artemisia indica and Imperata cylindrica. A. indica cohabitates with the weed and I. cylindrica grows in uninvaded soil areas. We found fungi belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes were highly abundant in the RSMs of A. adenophora and both native plant species. The RSM of A. adenophora differed to varying degrees in the relative abundances of bacterial and fungal phyla and genera, and in levels of expression of functional genes from those of both the native species. The RSM of A. adenophora was more metabolically active than both of these, as indicated by marked increases in the expression levels of genes associated with cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis, energy production and conversion, and the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, coenzymes, nucleotides, and secondary metabolites. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota contributed most significantly to these differences. The composition and metabolic activities of A. adenophora RSM differed less to the RSM of A. indica than to the RSM of I. cylindrica. Fungal communities contributed most to the metabolic genes in the RSM of A. adenophora. These included the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomeromycota. The different relative abundances in the RSMs of these three plant populations may explain why A. adenophora is more successful in colonizing soils than the two native populations.

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Aqueous raw and ripe Pu-erh tea extracts alleviate obesity and alter cecal microbiota composition and function in diet-induced obese rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Tea Compounds and the Gut Microbiome: Findings from Trials and Mechanistic Studies

Tea Compounds and the Gut Microbiome: Findings from Trials and Mechanistic Studies

Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia sinensis sp.) on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies

Compositional and functional profiling of the rhizosphere microbiomes of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora and native plants

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