Aqueous biphasic systems: a benign route using cholinium-based ionic liquids

Abstract

acIonic liquid based aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) have been the focus of a significant amount of research in the last decade. However, only (moderately) toxic and poorly biodegradable ionic liquids have been explored hitherto. Focusing on the development of more benign and sustainable approaches, a novel class of ABS using cholinium based ionic liquids is proposed. For the first time, it is shown that a large assortment of cholinium based ionic liquids is capable of undergoing liquid liquid demixing in the presence of aqueous solutions with strong salting out species. In order to assess the applicability of these systems for separation purposes, the partitioning of two antibiotics and/or their hydrochloride forms was also investigated. Cholinium based ABS are shown to be improved routes for the extraction of pharmaceuticals, achieving complete extractions in a single step by way of the proper tailoring of the phase forming components and their concentrations in the aqueous media.

Environmental safety of cholinium-based ionic liquids: assessing structure–ecotoxicity relationships

“…Several successful biotechnological applications are foreseen for these ILs, namely as solvents for biocatalysis, biopolymer science, as well as in separation and purification processes, in particular in aqueous biphasic systems 20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . The expected boost in the development of cholinium salts and their industrial application adds meaning to the study of their ecotoxicological properties for better compliance with regulatory demands (see e.g.…”

Durability enhanced ionic liquid catalyst for Friedel–Crafts reaction between benzene and 1-dodecene: insight into catalyst deactivation

“…Researchers became more interested in developing stable and durable ionic liquid catalysts. [21][22][23][24] Perfluoroalkyl groups have properties of stability and hydrophobicity. Fluoro-ionic liquids are considered to be catalysts with high catalytic activity, good chemical stability and durability.…”

Purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis in aqueous two-phase systems using an experimental design

“…In the past, traditional protein purification methods have been used, including ion exchange gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography, membrane separation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, salting out and electrophoresis, but they are expensive and not suitable for mass production. Furthermore, due to the poor stability, proteins in the conditions of acids, alkali or heating are easily denatured (Gutowski et al 2003;Freire et al 2012;Shahriari et al 2013;Zeng and Wang 2013). Hence, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), a simple and economic system, has been studied.…”