Silkworm silk proteins
are of great importance in several fields
of science owing to their outstanding properties. India generates
waste silk fibers, also known as waste filature silk, in abundance.
Utilizing waste filature silk as reinforcement in biopolymers enhances
its physiochemical properties. However, the hydrophilic sericin layer
on the surface of the fibers makes it very difficult to have proper
fiber–matrix adhesion. Thus, degumming the fiber surface allows
better control of the fiber properties. The present study uses filature
silk (Bombyx mori) as fiber reinforcement
to prepare wheat gluten-based natural composites for low-strength
green applications. The fibers were degummed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
solution from a 0 to 12 h duration, and composites were prepared from
them. The analysis exhibited optimized fiber treatment duration and
its effect on the composite properties. The traces of the sericin
layer were found before 6 h of fiber treatment, which interrupted
homogeneous fiber–matrix adhesion in the composite. The X-ray
diffraction study showed enhanced crystallinity of the degummed fibers.
The FTIR study of the prepared composites with degummed fibers showed
that shifted peaks toward lower wavenumbers supported better bonding
among the constituents. Similarly, the tensile and impact strength
of the composite made of 6 h of degummed fibers showed better mechanical
properties than others. The same can be validated with the SEM analysis
and TGA as well. This study also showed that prolonged exposure to
alkali solution reduces the fiber properties, thus reducing composite
properties too. As a green alternative, the prepared composite sheets
can potentially be applied in manufacturing seedling trays and one-time
nursery pots.