Aquaticity: A discussion of the term and of how it applies to humans

Varveri, Danai; Karatzaferi, Christina; Pollatou, Elizana; Sakkas, Giorgos K.

doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.11.001

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The AAT is composed of 10 tasks related to the four recognized components of human aquaticity (Varveri 2015). Each task can be graded from 0 to 5 (with 0.5 step increments) with the later score implying excellent performance in the particular task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used 10 aquatic tasks addressing the following four components of human aquaticity: 1) Physical conditioning, optimization of swimming technique; 2) Psychological and emotional conditioning; 3) Breath-hold capacity (apnea) and diving ability; and 4) Anthropometric characteristics, as proposed by our group (Varveri 2015).…”

Section: Development Of the Aquaticity Assessment Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We provided a definition to facilitate a departure from empirical and anecdotal approaches to 'ability in water' and move towards the scientific development of the concept: "Aquaticity is the capacity of a terrestrial mammalian organism to function and habitualise in the aquatic environment. The level of aquaticity depends on mental and physical characteristics and can be improved by frequent exposure to the water element and instruction" (Varveri 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquaticity is a capacity that humans develop ideally from a young age, by coming in frequent contact with the water element but also later in life through various aquatic activities and participation in aquatic sports (Varveri 2015). The ideal state of aquaticity is achieved through the activation of the diving reflex, when the human body is totally immersed in water (Dujic and Breskovic 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though "Aquaticity" was only recently defined by our group (Varveri 2015) many water sport professionals such as coaches, trainers and athletes refer to levels of aquaticity expressed through their empirical observations or expressions of personal experiences (Havriluk 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Varveri

Flouris

Smirnios

et al. 2016

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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We developed and validated an aquaticity assessment test (AAT) for the evaluation of human physical adequacy in the water. Forty-six volunteers (25M/21F; 20±8 years,) participated and performed 10 easy-to-administer and practical aquatic tasks. Group A was formed by 36 elite athletes (M/F 20/16, 24.7±10yrs) from two sports categories depending on their affinity to the water environment: terrestrial (wrestling, cycling, dancing) and aquatic (swimming, synchronized swimming, free diving) sports. Group B was formed by 10 non-athlete participants (5M/5F, 14.4±1.4yrs) and was assessed by two independent evaluators. Participants in Group A performed the aquatic tasks once to develop the final AAT items and cutoffs. Participants in Group B performed the aquatic tasks twice on different days to assess repeatability. Factor analysis recommended all 10 aquatic tasks to be included in the final AAT, resulting in scores ranging from 9.5-49.5. The AAT scores were statistically different between the terrestrial and the aquatic sports' participants (p<0.001). The duration of the test was 25 minutes from the time of water entry. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses demonstrated that the cutoffs for low and high aquaticity levels in this sample were ≤23.7 and ≥43.3, respectively. Reliability analyses demonstrated that the aquaticity scores obtained on different days and by different examiners highly correlated (p<0.001) and were not significantly different (p>0.05). The AAT appears to be a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of human physical adequacy in the water. It is an easy and user-friendly test which can be performed in any swimming pool without a need for highly trained staff and specialized equipment, however more research needs to be done in order to be applied in other population group.4

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Aquaticity Assessment Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Varveri

Flouris

Smirnios

et al. 2016

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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Breathing Under Water: Scuba Diving as Multisensory Experience

Tzanakis

2023

Leisure Studies in a Global Era

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A global review of marine recreational spearfishing

Sbragaglia,

Arlinghaus,

Blumstein

et al. 2023

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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Recreational spearfishing is a fishing method that occurs globally, yet receives considerably less attention in the scientific literature relative to other recreational fishing methods, such as angling. Lack of scientific information on spearfishing may negatively affect the development and management of marine recreational fisheries. We conducted a systematic review of 102 peer-reviewed papers published between 1967 and 2022 pertaining to marine recreational spearfishing. Based on this literature review, we provide an overview of key insights across social, economic, and ecological dimensions of marine recreational spearfishing. While spearfishers represent less than 5% of marine recreational fishers, the participants are younger and may differ from recreational anglers in their motivations, with suggestions of increased well-being generated from a close connection with the sea during underwater fishing. Recreational spearfishers mostly target species of moderate to high levels of vulnerability that are mid to high trophic level carnivores. Though spearfishers can deliberately target larger individuals of exploited populations, this is not a generalizable pattern. Despite a growing body of research on the ecological impacts of marine recreational spearfishing, there is limited knowledge of these effects and their mechanisms across biological levels of organization (e.g., individual, population, community and ecosystem) compared with those of other fishing methods. Recreational spearfishers can contribute to advances in marine ecological knowledge, and inclusive participatory management could represent a key step towards transformative sustainable development of marine recreational spearfishing. Throughout the review, we identify gaps in the research and areas where future research is needed to better inform the socio-economic importance, ecosystem impacts and future management of marine recreational spearfishing.

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Aquaticity: A discussion of the term and of how it applies to humans

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Breathing Under Water: Scuba Diving as Multisensory Experience

A global review of marine recreational spearfishing

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