Aquatic Pollution by Personal Care Products, Insect Repellent (DEET) and Scabicide (Crotamiton): Their Presence, Seasonal Variation, and Comparison in their Concentrations in Raw and Drinking Waters of Northwest Area in Chiba, Japan

Abstract

Summar y Amberlite XAD-2 resin extracts of river and drinking water sampled each month during the period from January to December 2008 from Northwest Area of Chiba Prefecture were investigated in order to characterize and determine the organic pollutants. On the basis of GC/FID determinations of the extracts, over 90% of XAD extractable organic substances present in the river water concentrates was found to be reduced after processing in water treatment plant. Personal care products (DEET and Crotamiton) were also identified by GC/MS to be present at low concentrations, ranging from ND to 140 ng/L. The concentrations of these organic pollutants were dependent on the application periods. Although amounts of these organic pollutants in river water samples decreased remarkably after processing in the water treatment plant, it is necessary to conduct continuous bio-assays in order to evaluate the health risk effects of these personal care products and their chlorination byproducts in drinking water.

Mutagenic potentials of Amberlite XAD-2-resin extracts obtained from river and drinking waters in the Northwest district of Chiba, Japan

“…Furthermore, a great reduction in the frameshift mutagenicity in the river water concentrates was observed after processing in the water treatment plant, with a mean removal rate of 92%. This value is in agreement with the results reported in our previous study (Kanno et al, 2010), demonstrating a high removal rate (95%) of dissolved organic contaminants after processing in the same water treatment plant.…”

“…Higher values (65-86%) were observed for the winter, spring, and fall samples, whereas the low values (11-38%) were detected for the summer and earlier fall samples. These values were low as compared with results observed in our previous paper (Kanno et al, 2010), demonstrating a high removal rate (95%) of dissolved organic contaminants after processing in the same water treatment plant. The observations described above can be explained by increased water temperature (Table 1), which may cause the leaching of PAHs from the coal tar coating inside pipes and water storage tanks (Alben, 1980;Oyler et al, 1982;Onodera, 1991;Takahashi et al, 2007) during the warmer season.…”

Cholinesterase-inhibiting Potentials of Amberlite XAD-2 Resin Extracts Collected from River and Drinking Waters in Northwest District of Chiba Prefecture, Japan

“…A comparison of total herbicide concentrations in the river water and drinking water showed that the mean removal rate of total herbicides from the river after processing them in the water treatment plant was approximately 84%. This value was also lower as compared with results observed in our previous paper, 22) demonstrating a high removal rate (95%) of dissolved organic contaminants after processing it in the same water treatment plant. In contrast to the herbicides, a marked reduction in the insecticide and fungicide concentrations in the river water was observed during the investigation period, and over 97% of total insecticides in the river water were eliminated after processing in the water treatment plant (Table 3).…”