Mutagenic potentials of Amberlite XAD-2-resin extracts obtained from river and drinking waters in the Northwest district of Chiba, Japan

Abstract

-Amberlite XAD-2 resin extracts of river and drinking water sampled from the Northwest district of Chiba Prefecture in each month during the period from January to December 2008 were investigated to characterize and determine their mutagenic potentials and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. The extracts from the river water were shown to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (a flameshift mutagen) without S9 mix, with higher mutagenic responses in summer and early fall seasons. While the drinking water extracts exhibited weak mutagenicity in both the TA98 and TA100 strains (a base-pair substitution mutagen) without S9 mix, with high mutagenic responses in fall and early winter seasons. GC/MS determinations of the water concentrates showed some seasonal scatter in PAH levels in river water. In contrast, comparatively high concentrations of PAHs were observed for drinking water samples collected during warmer seasons. Statistical studies revealed that there is a lower correlation between the levels of flameshift mutagenicity and the concentrations of PAH in the river water concentrations, but a higher correlation between them in the drinking water samples.

Mutagenicity as a parameter in surface water monitoring programs—opportunity for water quality improvement

“…TA98 Salmonella strain was by far the most sensitive strain, 99% of the positive samples showed mutagenic activity with that strain, regardless the presence of metabolic activation, or positive results also detected with other strains. The same kind of results were observed by Kanno et al (2010), andLv et al (2015), and pointed out in the review by Ohe et al (2004), as well. In our study, positive results were detected with TA98 and not detected with TA100 (or YG1042, see below) in 234 samples, of which 83 were positive with and without metabolic activation (24% of all positive samples), 113 exclusively without S9, and 38 exclusively with S9 (32% and 11% of all mutagenic samples, respectively).…”

“…We looked for seasonal effects and found that from the total of positive samples (348), we observed similar percentages in spring (24%), fall (24%), and in summer (21%), and a lower value in winter (13%). Kanno et al (2010) and Watanabe et al (2002) observed that in river waters from Japan, mutagenicity was higher in summer and fall, and Umbuzeiro et al (2001) showed higher incidence of mutagenicity in summer, as well.…”

Evaluating the Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profile of Mice Exposed to Source Drinking Water

“…Many traditional biological approaches have been used to evaluate health risk of drinking water, such as Ames test 29 and comet assay. 30 However, these studies focused on the effects of extracts with much higher concentrations of pollutants than natural water.…”

Využití effect-based metod k hodnocení stavu povrchových vod

“…Původní postup pročištění methanolem a následný oplach demineralizovanou vodou byl na základě dat získaných rešerší upraven. Reziny byly pročišťovány a kondiciovány v soxhletových extraktorech po dobu 8 hodin methanolem a následně 8 hodin acetonem [22]. Jde totiž o rozpouštědla, která jsou v dalších krocích testování používána i při samotné extrakci sorbovaných látek a jsou také doporučována výrobci XAD rezinů (např.…”

“…Takto vzniklé methanolové a acetonové extrakty byly nejprve zahuštěny do objemu 5 ml na vakuové rotační odparce Heidolph (při teplotě vodní lázně 50 °C, při tlaku 300 mbar pro methanolový extrakt a 550 mbar pro acetonový extrakt) [22][23][24][25]. Do konečného objemu 100 µl byly extrakty dofoukány dusíkem.…”