Aquatic Eco‐systems Under Influence of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities

Mukherjee, Suryadipta; Rizvi, Syed Shams; Biswas, George; Paswan, Abhilash Kumar; Vaiphei, Suantak Paolalsiam; Warsi, Taufique; Mitran, Tarik

doi:10.1002/9781119870562.ch14

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…In the fields of hydrometeorology, climate change, and the environment, remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) have been applied to a variety of different purposes [33,34]. While RS provides high-resolution spatial data, GIS offers distinct tools for the more effective management of the environment and ecosystems [35,36]. Spatial studies of urban patterns, planning, and variation at global, regional, and local scales have benefitted in recent years from collecting various information from RS data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and NDVI Estimation in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab Province

Raza

Syed

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Land use/land cover (LULC) changes are among the most significant human-caused global variations affecting the natural environment and ecosystems. Pakistan’s LULC patterns have undergone huge changes since the 1900s, with no clear mitigation plan. This paper aims to determine LULC and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes as well as their causes in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab province over four different periods (2000, 2007, 2014, and 2021). Landsat-based images of 30 m × 30 m spatial resolution were used to detect LULC changes, while NDVI dynamics were calculated using Modis Product MOD13Q1 (Tiles: h24 v5, h24 v6) at a resolution of 250 m. The iterative self-organizing (ISO) cluster method (object meta-clustering using the minimal distance center approach) was used to quantify the LULC changes in this research because of its straightforward approach that requires minimal human intervention. The accuracy assessment and the Kappa coefficient were calculated to assess the efficacy of results derived from LULC changes. Our findings revealed considerable changes in settlements, forests, and barren land in Southern Punjab. Compared to 2000, while forest cover had reduced by 31.03%, settlement had increased by 14.52% in 2021. Similarly, forest land had rapidly been converted into barren land. For example, barren land had increased by 12.87% in 2021 compared to 2000. The analysis showed that forests were reduced by 31.03%, while settlements and barren land increased by 14.52% and 12.87%, respectively, over the twenty year period in Southern Punjab. The forest area had decreased to 4.36% by 2021. It shows that 31.03% of forest land had been converted to urban land, barren ground, and farmland. Land that was formerly utilized for vegetation had been converted into urban land due to the expansion of infrastructure and the commercial sector in Southern Punjab. Consequently, proper monitoring of LULC changes is required. Furthermore, relevant agencies, governments, and policymakers must focus on land management development. Finally, the current study provides an overall scenario of how LULC trends are evolving over the study region, which aids in land use planning and management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%