Aptamers: Uptake mechanisms and intracellular applications

Yoon, Sorah; Rossi, John J.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.003

Cited by 119 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Cell-or receptor-specific chimeric RNAs have been shown to improve the in vivo pharmacokinetic distributions of prototype RNAs, and facilitate transport into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. 51 Combined use of therapeutic aptamers and therapeutic drugs has been reported. Schilling et al investigated the radiosensitizing effect of a peptide aptamer, A17, which inhibits Hsp70, in combination with the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922.…”

Section: Drug Potentiation Via Aptamer Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Aptamers as Versatile Ligands for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications</p>

Guan¹,

Zhang²

2020

IJN

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Aptamers are a class of targeting ligands that bind exclusively to biomarkers of interest. Aptamers have been identified as candidates for the construction of various smart systems for therapy, diagnosis, bioimaging, and drug delivery due to their high target affinity and specificity. Aptamers are accounted as chemical antibodies that can be readily linked to drugs, sensors, signal enhancers, or nanocarriers for functionalization. Use of aptamer-guided medications, especially nanomedicines, has resulted in encouraging outcomes compared to those use of aptamer-free counterparts. This article reviews recent advances in the use of aptamers as targeting ligands for various biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes. Special interests focus on aptamer-based theranostics, biosensing, bioimaging, drug potentiation, and targeted drug delivery.

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Section: Drug Potentiation Via Aptamer Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Aptamers as Versatile Ligands for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications</p>

Guan¹,

Zhang²

2020

IJN

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“…Aptamers are selected from a pool of random single-stranded DNA/RNA oligonucleotide library (>10 15 random sequences) by iterative rounds of selection and amplification by SELEX method as shown in Figure 2 [4]. Therapeutic aptamers have been developed against cell surface targets [62] as well as for delivery of therapeutic conjugates into the cells, i.e., for internalization [3]. Though the selection method is fundamentally the same for developing aptamers for either use, the cell-internalizing aptamers require more points to be addressed to ensure a higher degree of success.…”

Section: Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functionally aptamers are same as antibodies; however, their advantages over antibodies include small size, less immunogenicity, ease of synthesis, easy chemical modification that allows conjugation with a variety of molecules and stability at a higher temperature. Aptamer is comparably smaller (~3 nm) than an antibody (10-15 nm) [3], thus, allowing higher penetration in tissues and the ability to bind more dense cellular epitopes in living cells. Unlike antibodies, aptamers can be selected against non-immunogenic molecules, including proteins or peptides as well as toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamers for Targeted Delivery: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities

Chandola¹,

Neerathilingam²

2020

Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine

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Aptamers are synthetic ssDNA/RNA molecules that are emerging as novel tools for the development of therapeutics, especially for targeted delivery. Aptamers are comparable to monoclonal antibodies, which are well-established therapeutic molecules, in terms of specificity and affinity to their target. The advantage of aptamers over antibodies includes their high stability, ease of synthesis, less batchto-batch variation, easy chemical modifications that allow different conjugation chemistries, small size for better tissue penetration and low immunogenicity. These advantages make aptamers an important tool for use in therapeutics for targeted delivery. However, aptamers do have some limitations that have hindered their widespread clinical use as a therapeutic agent. Some of their common limitations include serum stability, renal filtration and endocytic escape. Other limitations that are more specific to aptamers include lack of diversity in the aptamer library, nuclease susceptibility and claims of aptamer specificity as well. This book chapter sheds light on these challenges, and using examples, it explains the scientific advancements that have been achieved in overcoming these limitations. We will end this chapter by discussing the use of high-throughput technology, which is the only way of truly industrializing the aptamer technology akin to the development of small molecule drugs.

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“…Construction of RNA‐based nanoarchitectures is usually performed in solution containing relatively high concentrations of divalent cations such as Mg 2+ to stabilize the structure. [3a,8] Applications in cells, which is in molecular crowding condition with various biomolecules, are also promising fields . These different conditions impact aptamer function by influencing intermolecular interactions as well as stabilities and structures of RNA aptamer itself.…”

Section: Numbers Of Analyzed Nucleobases At Randomized Position Of R‐mentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA‐Capturing Microsphere Particles (R‐CAMPs) for Optimization of Functional Aptamers

Endoh

Ohyama

Sugimoto

2019

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RNA aptamers are useful building blocks for constructing functional nucleic acid‐based nanoarchitectures. The abilities of aptamers to recognize specific ligands have also been utilized for various biotechnological applications. Solution conditions, which can differ depending on the application, impact the affinity of the aptamers, and thus it is important to optimize the aptamers for the solution conditions to be employed. To simplify the aptamer optimization process, an efficient method that enables re‐selection of an aptamer from a partially randomized library is developed. The process relies on RNA‐capturing microsphere particles (R‐CAMPs): each particle displays different clones of identical DNA and RNA sequences. Using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, the R‐CAMPs that are linked to functional aptamers are sorted. It is demonstrated that after a single round of reselection, several functional aptamers, including the wild‐type, are selected from a library of 16 384 sequences. The selection using R‐CAMPs is further performed under the solution containing high concentration of ethylene glycol, suggesting applicability in various conditions to optimize an aptamer for a particular application. As any type of RNA clone can be displayed on the microspheres, the technology demonstrated here will be useful for the selection of RNAs based on diverse functions.

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Aptamers: Uptake mechanisms and intracellular applications

Cited by 119 publications

References 124 publications

<p>Aptamers as Versatile Ligands for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications</p>

<p>Aptamers as Versatile Ligands for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications</p>

Aptamers for Targeted Delivery: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities

RNA‐Capturing Microsphere Particles (R‐CAMPs) for Optimization of Functional Aptamers

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