Aptamer based nanobiosensors: Promising healthcare devices

Abstract

Nanobiosensors based on aptamer are extensively being studied as potent analytical tools in clinical analysis. These biosensors provide high sensitivity, fast response, specificity and desired portability in addition to simplicity and decreased cost compared to conventional methods. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide readers with an overview of current advances about electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent and photoelectrochemical aptasensors from the sea of available literature. These are mainly used for determination of protein-based biomarkers, especially for cancer diagnosis. Here in we have given special emphasis on nanosize-based aptasensors which have been reported to show considerable improvement in the analytical performance.

A DNA Aptamer Targeting Galectin-1 as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Lung Cancer

“…For example, the TLR2 aptamer has been reported to inhibit the TLR2-mediated immune response by blocking the activities of the TLR2 and TLR2 downstream pathways 16 . In addition to functional aptamers, some aptamers can also be modified by fluorescence, biotin, or nanoparticles 17 , 18 . Modified aptamers can label or kill tumors that express specific markers.…”

Current Trends in the Biosensors for Biological Warfare Agents Assay

“…The biosensor for biological warfare agents will be depending on the process as well. Quantum dots [46,100,101], magnetic micro and nanoparticles [102,103], screen printed electrodes and other 3D printed materials [75,104,105], electrochemically and fluorimetrically active nanoparticles [106,107,108,109,110,111,112] and advanced sensing materials, such as aptamers [113,114,115,116], can be highlighted as promising material platforms in a brief summarization, considering previous reviewing.…”

Predicting Future Prospects of Aptamers in Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors

“…The vast majority of developments in the field of aptamers involve analytical techniques which rely on high affinity and specificity binding between aptamers and their coupling agents [28,29]. During the 30-year timeline of aptamers, those which direct proteins have received the most extensive efforts and resources for inventions and innovations.…”

“…Intensive research on the fundamentals and principles of this area has attracted more investments [96][97][98] whilst binding affinity has also been strengthened at all cost [19,99]. Consequently, these breakthroughs have been accompanied by an expansion and improvement of the application of aptamers to small molecules in areas such as drug delivery [100] and molecular imaging [101], particularly in sensing technology where they are combined with electrochemistry, surface plasmon resonance, optical fibers, quantum dots, field-effect transistors, fluorescence and a variety of other techniques used to monitor contaminants, metal ions, hormones, explosives, toxins, drugs, antibiotics and pesticides [29,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108].…”

“…With the emergence of the sensing small molecule technique, popular strategies to construct biosensors rely on protein-based receptors (antibodies and enzymes) [109]. Afterwards, aptamers, with the most essential advantage of high affinity and selectivity to these substances, unsurprisingly, have rapidly outdated these old-fashioned biomolecules to become the first priority in designing receptors for small molecule detections, especially during the past 5 years [29,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108].…”