Current Trends in the Biosensors for Biological Warfare Agents Assay

Pohanka, Miroslav

doi:10.3390/ma12142303

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…The reminiscent biosensors are reported to determine these target analytes in biological matrices including human blood, sweat, saliva, urine, food products, environmental samples, etc. [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: History Definition and Classification Of Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Mansuriya

Altıntaş

2020

Sensors

176

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Due to the proliferative cancer rates, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases and a plethora of infections across the globe, it is essential to introduce strategies that can rapidly and specifically detect the ultralow concentrations of relevant biomarkers, pathogens, toxins and pharmaceuticals in biological matrices. Considering these pathophysiologies, various research works have become necessary to fabricate biosensors for their early diagnosis and treatment, using nanomaterials like quantum dots (QDs). These nanomaterials effectively ameliorate the sensor performance with respect to their reproducibility, selectivity as well as sensitivity. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are ideally graphene fragments of nanometer size, constitute discrete features such as acting as attractive fluorophores and excellent electro-catalysts owing to their photo-stability, water-solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and lucrativeness that make them favorable candidates for a wide range of novel biomedical applications. Herein, we reviewed about 300 biomedical studies reported over the last five years which entail the state of art as well as some pioneering ideas with respect to the prominent role of GQDs, especially in the development of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors. Additionally, we outline the ideal properties of GQDs, their eclectic methods of synthesis, and the general principle behind several biosensing techniques.

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Section: History Definition and Classification Of Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Mansuriya

Altıntaş

2020

Sensors

176

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“…Some of these substances can be involved in natural intoxications, as they are the case of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), but the high toxicity and practical absence of antidotes has led to their classification as potential bioterrorism agents [133]. Worryingly, typical biological warfare agents (BWAs), such as Bacillus antracis, Brucella sp., Yersinia pestis, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, or the already cited BoNT, can be produced and spread not only by military but also by terrorist groups [134]. Therefore, the development of analytical tools that provide a means for the rapid and in situ detection of these toxins or bacteria, is widely claimed and electrochemical biosensors can be a valuable aid in this field.…”

Section: Biological Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Electrochemical Biosensors Can Do for Forensic Science? Unique Features and Applications

et al. 2019

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This article critically discusses the latest advances in the use of voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric, and impedimetric biosensors for forensic analysis. Highlighted examples that show the advantages of these tools to develop methods capable of detecting very small concentrations of analytes and provide selective determinations through analytical responses, without significant interferences from other components of the samples, are presented and discussed, thus stressing the great versatility and utility of electrochemical biosensors in this growing research field. To illustrate this, the determination of substances with forensic relevance by using electrochemical biosensors reported in the last five years (2015–2019) are reviewed. The different configurations of enzyme or affinity biosensors used to solve analytical problems related to forensic practice, with special attention to applications in complex samples, are considered. Main prospects, challenges to focus, such as the fabrication of devices for rapid analysis of target analytes directly on-site at the crime scene, or their widespread use and successful applications to complex samples of interest in forensic analysis, and future efforts, are also briefly discussed.

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“…B. anthracis is considered as one of the top biological warfare agents from the A category. Beside B. anthracis, microorganisms Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis, viruses Variola major and hemorrhagic fevers viruses like Ebola, Lassa, Machupo and Marburg, and Clostridium botulinum with its botulinum toxin are in the same category (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Beside of biological warfare agents, there is a high number of microorganisms that are able to cause serious infections, but they are not considered as biological warfare agents because of their slow limited tactical impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis as a biological warfare agent: infection, diagnosis and countermeasures

Pohanka¹

2020

BLL

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Bacillus anthracis is a causative agent of zoonotic anthrax disease. In the last years, signifi cant progress in therapy and diagnosis of anthrax was made. Concurrently, knowledge about anthrax progression, molecular pathology and release of anthrax toxin during the disease has improved. This review covers the recent progress in this fi eld. METHODS: In this review, specifi cations of B. anthracis, anthrax disease, medical and biomedical countermeasures and diagnostic tools were surveyed. The actual literature was summarized and relevance of the microorganism as a biological warfare agent and the ways how to reduce its impact including therapeutic protocols were written and discussed. RESULTS: Currently, the microorganism is considered one of the top biological warfare agents due to lethality, long term stability of spores, easy dissemination and production. The recent research is focused on countermeasures suitable for reduction of consequences by a misuse of the microorganism in form of biological weapon (Tab.

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Current Trends in the Biosensors for Biological Warfare Agents Assay

Cited by 55 publications

References 117 publications

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

What Electrochemical Biosensors Can Do for Forensic Science? Unique Features and Applications

Bacillus anthracis as a biological warfare agent: infection, diagnosis and countermeasures

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