Aprovechamiento de la madera de encino en México

Abstract

A description is made of the situation of oak wood use in México. The most recent statistics of standing forest volume and wood production are included. Reference is made of the distribution of this resource in the country. The subjects treated in this work are: utilization of oak wood (including cellulose, sawn wood, fuel, crossties, poles, piles, round wood, veneer and plywood), and the influence of the technological characteristics on its use. The exploitation of oakwood is discussed in the context of the international market.It is concluded that the conservation of oak forests is an urgent task to preserve the ecological equilibrium of its growing areas.

Caracterización anatómica y propiedades físicas de la madera de monte bajo de dos especies de Quercus del volcán Popocatépetl

“…Los encinos, por sus características tecnológicas, se pueden utilizar para producción de carbón, corcho, taninos, colorantes, celulosa, combustibles, chapa, madera contrachapada, vigas, polines, morillos, durmientes, gualdras, piezas talladas, molduras, cabos y mangos para herramienta, marcos de puertas y ventanas, muebles, pisos en forma de duela, parquet y adoquín, techos, lambrines, zoclos y artesanías (De la Paz Pérez et al, 2000;Luna-José et al, 2003;Gorgonio-Ramírez et al, 2017). Estos usos son similares a los que se pueden obtener de la madera proveniente de monte bajo como son leña, carbón, astillas, celulosa para papel, tablero y panel, postes, muebles de exterior y madera maciza para interior y muebles de alto valor, parquet, duela, adoquín, decks, madera contrachapada y artesanías (Unrau et al, 2018).…”

“…México cuenta con al menos 179 especies de encinos, de las cuales, 90 pertenecen a la sección Quercus (encinos blancos), 85 a la sección Lobatae (encinos rojos) y cuatro a la sección Protobalanus (encinos intermedios) (Valencia y Flores-Franco, 2006). Cada sección posee características que deben ser consideradas para designar los tratamientos y el destino final de la madera (De la Paz Pérez y Dávalos-Sotelo, 2008;De la Paz Pérez et al, 2000). En 2018, la madera de encino aportó 14.5% a la producción forestal maderable (1201 740 m 3 r); de ese porcentaje, 375 449 m 3 se destinaron a escuadría, 140 871 m 3 a celulosa, 5223 m 3 a postes, pilotes y morillos, 235 083 m 3 a leña, 271 647 m 3 a carbón y 182 467 m 3 a durmientes (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, 2021).…”

Genetic diversity in oak populations under intensive management for fuelwood in the Sierra de Zongolica, Mexico

“…It is widely distributed in Mexico with species in all types of forests, at least 161 species have been described of which 109 are endemic (Arizaga, Cruz, Cabrales, & González, 2009;Galicia, Potvin, & Messier, 2015;Valencia-Avalos, 2004;Valencia-Avalos & Gual, 2014). In Mexican forest regions with commercial timber production, silviculture is focused on Pinus species, Quercus being considered of secondary use mainly for fibres and fuels (Pérez-Olvera, Dávalos Sotelo, & Guerrero Cuaculi, 2000).…”

“…It is widely distributed in Mexico with species in all types of forests, at least 161 species have been described of which 109 are endemic (Arizaga, Cruz, Cabrales, & González, 2009; Galicia, Potvin, & Messier, 2015; Valencia‐Ávalos, 2004; Valencia‐Ávalos & Gual, 2014). In Mexican forest regions with commercial timber production, silviculture is focused on Pinus species, Quercus being considered of secondary use mainly for fibres and fuels (Pérez‐Olvera, Dávalos Sotelo, & Guerrero Cuaculi, 2000). An important proportion of fuelwood comes from oaks and mixed pine‐oak forests located in small plots harvested through traditional practices, without technical regulations or forestry permits and retailed in regional markets (López‐Binnqüist et al, 2021; Rüger, Williams‐Linera, Kissling, & Huth, 2008).…”

The Bioenergetic Potential of Four Oak Species from Northeastern Mexico

“…Oak wood could have a high commercial value when properly processed. However, this genus shows problems related to wood drying, brushing, chipping, and milling [52,53]. Therefore, its most common use in Mexico is currently as firewood and charcoal.…”